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grade 11 Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do prokaryotic cells have that eukaryotic cells don’t? (4)

A

plasma membrane, nucleoli, cytoplasm, mesosoma

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2
Q

what don’t prokaryotic cells have that eukaryotic cells do? (4)

A

nuclear membrane, endomembrane (RE and Golgi complex), mitochondria, chloroplasts

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3
Q

who discovered cells?

A

Robert Hooke

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4
Q

what is the function of a cell membrane?

A

a partially permeable cell that controls the exchange between the cell and its environment.

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5
Q

what are the types of cells membranes?

A

impermeable, semipermeable, and permeable

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6
Q

what are the 4 groups of organic compounds?

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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7
Q

what is the deeply staining material in the nucleus called?

A

chromatin

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8
Q

what are the differences between plant and animal cells?

A

plant cells have cell walls, large permanent vacuoles, and plastids (chloroplasts); animal cells have centrioles.

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9
Q

what is chlorophyll?

A

the green pigment found in plants which absorb light during photosynthesis.

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10
Q

what are the differences between cell walls and cell membranes?

A

cells walls are thick, physically strong, and freely permeable. while cell membranes and thin and semipermeable.

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11
Q

what is the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm?

A

the cytoplasm has organelles while cytosol does not.

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12
Q

what is the liquid substance contained by the nucleus?

A

the nucleoplasm.

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13
Q

what are the functions of the nucleus?

A

it acts as a reproduction cell by storing hereditary information and is involved in the making of proteins.

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14
Q

what are the mitochondria?

A

the powerhouse of the cell, functioning to carry out aerobic respiration.

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15
Q

what are the parts of the mitochondria?

A

outer membrane, inner membrane, cristae, intermembrane, matrix,.

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16
Q

why are the mitochondria shaped as it is?

A

to maximize the space it has to carry out on aerobic respiration.

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17
Q

what is the smooth ER?

A

one of the types of endoplasmic reticulum that function to synthesize lipids and detoxify drugs and poisons.

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18
Q

what is the rough ER?

A

one of the types of the endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes and functions to synthesize secretory proteins and to form endomembrane systems such as organelles.

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19
Q

what is the Golgi apparatus?

A

it consists of flattened sacs called cisternae and functions to finish the products made by the ER and sends them to other cells.

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20
Q

what are the types of ribosomes?

A

free ribosomes and ribosomes bound to the ER

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21
Q

what do free ribosomes do?

A

produces proteins used in cytoplasmic metabolism

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22
Q

what do ribosomes bound to the ER do?

A

synthesizing proteins to be used in the organelle or sent out to the call

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23
Q

what is a lysosome?

A

an organelle in the shape of a membrane-bound bag that is made by the rough ER and is processed further in the Golgi apparatus and is used to hydrolyze macromolecules inside cells.

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24
Q

what are the parts of chloroplasts?

A

thylakoids, stroma, granum, inner membrane, outer membrane, and intermembrane space

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25
Q

what are the thylakoids inside chloroplasts for?

A

to make food from photosynthesis.

26
Q

what is a vacuole?

A

a membrane-bound sac within the cytoplasm of a cell that functions in several different ways.

27
Q

what are the types of vacuoles?

A

food vacuoles, contractile vacuole, central vacuole

28
Q

what is the function of the central vacuole?

A

to store organic and inorganic compounds, and to discard metabolism products.

29
Q

what is turgor pressure?

A

pressure that pushes the cell membrane towards the cell walls in plants, bacteria, fungi, and some types of protists.

30
Q

what are the functions of a cell wall?

A

to maintain the cell shape, as protection, and to prevent water loss.

31
Q

why do animals not need cell walls?

A

because they are motile.

32
Q

what is a cytoskeleton?

A

the skeleton of the cell that is involved in giving the cell a structure, and motility.

33
Q

what are the three organelles found in the cytoskeleton?

A

microtubule (tubulin), microfilaments (actin), and intermediate filaments

34
Q

what are microtubules for?

A

they build up spindle fibers in nuclear division

35
Q

what are microfilaments for?

A

give shape to cells by forming a network inside it and help with cell contractions.

36
Q

what are intermediate filaments for?

A

to keep the position of each cell organelle.

37
Q

are all cells surrounded by partially permeable cell surface membranes?

A

yes.

38
Q

do all eukaryotic cells possess a nucleus containing one or more nucleoli and DNA?

A

yes.

39
Q

do epidermal cells of onions have small vacuoles?

A

no.

40
Q

do animal cells have cell walls, nucleus, and cytoplasm?

A

no.

41
Q

do plant cells have plasma membranes, nucleus, and cytoplasm?

A

yes.

42
Q

ribosomes are attached to the?

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

43
Q

a cell would tend to gain water if it were moved from?

A

an isotonic solution to a hypotonic solution. or a hypertonic solution to an isotonic solution.

44
Q

what factors affect the permeability of cell membranes?

A

lipid solubility of the molecules, size of the molecules, presence of transport channels, and presence of ATP inside the cell

45
Q

what are the parts of a cell membrane?

A

cholesterol, glycolipid, hydrophilic head of phospholipids, and hydrophobic tail of phospholipids, a transmembrane protein, and intrinsic protein.

46
Q

what has membrane-bound organelles?

A

eukaryotes

47
Q

what are the basic units of organisms?

A

cells

48
Q

why do our fingers separate after birth?

A

lysosomes

49
Q

true or false: if a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a prokaryote

A

false

50
Q

do vacuoles contain sap?

A

yes.

51
Q

what is the nucleus for?

A

to control cell activity

52
Q

what is the nucleolus for?

A

ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome biogenesis.

53
Q

name 8 organelles

A

nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, vacuole, lysosome, microfilaments, microtubule, intermediate filament

54
Q

the turgid of the cell is maintained by the…

A

vacuole

55
Q

what is a telltale of which a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes

56
Q

where is ATP produced?

A

mitochondria

57
Q

Suppose a thistle tube containing a 10% sugar solution is covered at one end by a membrane and is placed in a beaker containing a 5% sugar solution. Which of the following conditions must NOT exist for water to enter the tube by osmosis?

A

The beaker must have less water per unit volume than in the tube

58
Q

If plant cells are put into a 7% salt solution the following thing will happen is…

A

turgor pressure decreases

59
Q

what organelles support transportation?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.

60
Q

what is the one organelle not inside the cytoplasm?

A

the nucleus.

grade 11 Biology (3 decks)

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