Transport in Plants/Transpiration/Translocation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of xylem vessels?

A

transport of mineral ions and water (and support for the plant)

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2
Q

What is the function of phloem vessels

A

transport of sucrose and amino acids

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3
Q

In a cross section of a stem, where is the xylem and phloem?

A

Xylem is more inwards than the phloem.

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4
Q

In the vein, where is the xylem and phloem?

A

Xylem is above the phloem.

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5
Q

How are xylem vessels adapted to their function?

A

thick walls with lignin for support, only dead cells, waterproof, long and hollow tubes made from cells joined

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6
Q

How is a root hair cell adapted for absorption of water and mineral ions?

A

it has a large surface area

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7
Q

What is the pathway taken by water and mineral ions in the plant?

A

root hair cells > root cortex cell > xylem vessel > mesophyll cells

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8
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The loss of water vapour from leaves

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9
Q

How does water evaporate in transpiration?

A

It evaporates from the mesophyll cell’s surface, into the air spaces in the spongy layer and out through the stomata

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10
Q

What factors increase transpiration?

A

light intensity, temperature and wind

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11
Q

What factor decreases transpiration?

A

humidity

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12
Q

How does water move up the xylem?

A

Via a transpiration pull that draws water molecules, attached by intermolecular forces of attraction. The plant needs a constant number of water molecules in the xylem at any given time

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13
Q

When do plants wilt?

A

When they transpire more than they absorb water

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14
Q

What is translocation?

A

The movement of sucrose and amino acids in phloem from sources to sinks

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15
Q

What are sources?

A

the regions (parts) of the plant responsible for releasing sucrose or amino acids

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16
Q

What are sinks?

A

the regions (parts) of the plant that utilise or store sucrose or amino acids

17
Q

Name one plant organ that is both a source and a sink at different times.

A

Leaf: source when photosynthesis occurs, but sinks when they are growing.

18
Q

What is cohesion and adhesion?

A

Adhesion: property of water that allows it to connect to thin walls of the xylem
Cohesion: property of water that keeps water molecules together like a necklace