Transport in plants and animals Flashcards
What is exchange surface?
Something that is used to allow transfer of substances e.g. alveoli in lungs.
Why do large organisms need special exchange surfaces?
- Need a lot of oxygen for respiration
- Cannot supply enough through their skin surface as SA:VOL ratio is too low
What makes an exchange surface efficient?
- Large SA: more space for molecules to diffuse
- Permeable membrane: Allow molecules through
- Good supply of molecules to exchange surface/Removal of molecules from other side: Maintains diffusion gradient.
List the things that make up the gas exchange system.
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Lungs
- Alveoli
- External intercoastal muscles
- Diaphragm
Role of cartilage?
- Supports trachea and bronchi
- Prevents collapse of lungs
- Flexibility
- Allows oesophagus to expand during swallowing
Role of smooth muscle?
- Narrows lumen of airway
- Help prevent harmful things in the air from entering the alveoli
What is tidal volume?
Amount of air able to move in/out of lungs in a single breath at rest.
What is vital capacity?
Largest volume of air that can be removed from the lungs in one complete breath.
What is residual volume?
Amount of air that is left in the lungs after the maximum exhalation of the person.
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
How much more air can be breathed in above the normal tidal volume when you take a big breath.
What is expiratory reserve volume?
How much more air can be breathed out above the normal tidal volume breath.
What is a double circulatory system?
When the blood passes through the heart twice in a single circulation.
List features of a good transport system.
- Medium
- Pump
- Exchange surface
- Tubes/Vessels
What is an open circulatory system?
Blood flows freely in the body, not requiring a transport system.
Muscles usually force the movement of the blood around the body.
What is a closed circulatory system?
Blood is held in the capillaries, moved around using a pump.
