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Bio Module 3 > transport in plants > Flashcards

transport in plants Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the xylem transport throughout a plant?

A

The xylem transports water and mineral ions

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2
Q

What direction does the xylem flow?

A

Only up

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3
Q

What does the phloem transport?

A

The phloem transports assimilates such as sucrose

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4
Q

What direction does the phloem transport materials?

A

Both up and down

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5
Q

What is the cambium?

A

It is a layer of meristem cells found in between the xylem and phloem in the stem

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6
Q

Where is the xylem found in the stem?

A

The xylem is closest to the center of the stem

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7
Q

What are meristem cells?

A

Meristem cells are cells that divide to produce new cells

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8
Q

Where is the phloem found in the stem?

A

The phloem is farthest from the center with the cambium separating the xylem and phloem

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9
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the plant almost like skin

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10
Q

What is the xylem made of?

A

Dead cells so water and mineral ions can be transported

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11
Q

What is the phloem made of?

A

Sieve tube elements and companion cells

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12
Q

What is sclerenchyma?

A

It offers support and structure around cells as its thickened with lignin and cellulose

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13
Q

What is collenchyma?

A

Found near epidermis.
thick cellulose walls provides flexibility and aids growth.

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14
Q

What is parenchyma?

A

its a soft packing-tissue that fills spaces between other tissues.

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15
Q

What can parenchyma store?

A

stores starch in roots

chloroplasts to photosynthesise

has air spaces in aquatic plants to aid with buoyancy

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16
Q

What are the main functions of the xylem?

A

provide structural support. transport water and mineral ions

17
Q

What is the structure of the xylem?

A

Long hollow tubes made up of thick, lignified dead cells

18
Q

What is the role of lignin in the xylem?

A

lignin is deposited in the xylem cell walls, killing the cells, but makes it waterproof and stronger

19
Q

what are bordered pits in the xylem?

A

they are small non-lignified regions of the xylem. they allow water and mineral ions to move laterally between xylem vessels

20
Q

What does the parenchyma store?

A

The parenchyma stores food and contains Tannin

21
Q

What is Tannin?

A

A bitter-tasting chemical that protects plant tissues from attacks by chemicals and infection from bacteria and fungi

22
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The loss of water from the stomata in the leaves due to evaporation

23
Q

What are the adaptations of sieve tube elements?

A

Elongated
No nucleus
Very little cytoplasm

24
Q

Does the xylem contain dead/alive cells?

A

The xylem is made up of dead cells

25
Q

Does the Phloem contain dead/alive cells?

A

The phloem is made up of living cells

26
Q

What are the roles of water?

A

Photosynthesis
Structure and support
Transport
Cooling

27
Q

What are the adaptations of root hair cells?

A

Microscopic size allows it to easily penetrate soil particles.
Large SA:V ratio
Thin surface layer so short diffusion
High conc. of solutes maintain steep water potential gradient.

28
Q

What are the 3 ways water moves from the root hair to the xylem?

A

Apoplast - through intercellular space

Symplast - through plasmodesmata

Vacuolar - same as symplast but can pass through vacuoles as well

29
Q

What is the slowest pathway water can take to reach the xylem?

A

The vacuolar pathway is the slowest

30
Q

What is the slowest pathway water can take to reach the xylem?

A

The vacuolar pathway is the slowest

31
Q

What is the casparian strip?

A

A band of waxy material called Suberin that waterproofs the vascular bundle

32
Q

What happens at the casparian strip?

A

Water in apoplast pathway can’t continue, it it forced into the cytoplasm of the cell, joining the symplast pathway. This ensures any harmful solutes in the water are excluded as carrier protein won’t admit them into the cell.

33
Q

What is root pressure?

A

Root pressure is a tiny force that gives water a ‘push’ up the xylem. However it can’t account for water reaching the top of tall trees.

Root pressure ≠ transpiration

34
Q

What is the evidence for root pressure?

A

Root pressure increases with temp suggesting it is dependent on active transport.

Cyanide (affects mitochondria) reduces root pressure. Suggesting it’s an active process.

Guttation

If oxygen levels or respiratory substances fall, so does root pressure.

Bio Module 3 (3 decks)

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