Transport In Mammals Flashcards
What is the pressure in the aorta
120Hg / 16kPa
What is the diameter and thickness of the aorta
2.5 cm and 2mm
What is the inner , middle , outer layer of a vessel called
Tunica interna , tunica midia , tunica externa
What is the blood composed off ?
Plasma, blood cells, platelets
What is the composition of plasma
Water , nutrients , gases , minerals salts, antibodies , hormones , enzymes
What part of a blood vessel is endothelium
Tunica interna
Characteristics of a artery
Thin lumen , thick walls
What part is the the epithelium of a blood vessel
The internal lumens tunica externa but is a part of a blood vessels tunica interna
What are smooth muscles ?
A type of muscle that can contract steadily over long periods of time
What are elastic arteries ?
Relatively large arteries, which have a lot of elastic tissue and little muscle tissue in their walls
What are muscular arteries ?
Arteries that are closer to the organs than elastic arteries have more smooth muscles in their walls which allow them to constrict and dilate
What are semi lunar valves ?
A half moon shaped valve such as the ones in the veins and between the ventricles and arteries and stop the blood in veins from going backwards into the organs
What are capillaries made off ?
Endothelium
Difference between arteries and vein’s tunica externa
Outer layer in arteries has elastic fibres and college while in veins have mostly collagen fibres
Difference between arteries and vein’s tunica midia ?
Middle layer is thinner in veins then in arteries but both have elastic fibres , smooth muscles and arteries also have collagen fibres
Why are capillaries almost the same size of the red blood cells ?
To allow for better diffusion as the less the distance between surfaces the faster and smoother the rate of diffusion
What is plasma ?
The liquid component of blood in which the blood cells float it carriers a very large range of different substances in solution
What are plasma proteins ?
A range of several different proteins dissolved in the blood plasma, each with their own function many of them are made in the liver
Describe the function and characteristics of tissue fluid ?
The almost Colorless fluid that fills the spaces between body cells it forms from fluid that leaks from blood capillaries
Name three organs that don’t have any capillaries in them.
Brain, cartalige , cornea
What are the two different types of plasma ?
Blood plasma and tissue fluid
What is the composition difference between blood plasma and tissue fluid ?
Blood plasma has more proteins in it that tissue fluid although white blood cells are able to pass through.
What is the function of the artrioles in reducing pressure for the capillaries?
To prevent an oedema which is when to much blood plasma enters the tissue fluid due to the high pressure in the capillaries
Describe three ways in which plasma and tissue fluid are different ?
Plasma has more proteins
Plasma can dissolve in CO2
Plasma has more dissolved oxygen
Characteristic of R.B.C ?
Biconcave
7.4 um
Flexible
Life span of 3 months
No nucleus
No mitochondria
What are the functions of blood ?
Transport of nutrient / waste
Temperature control ( vasoconstriction and vasodilation)
Describe haemoglobin ?
4 polypeptides joined together with 4 prosthetic R groups to bond with oxygen molecules. The inside of the haemoglobin is hydrophobic while the outside is hydrophilic.
What are the two types of white blood cells
Phagocytes and lymphocytes
What are the two types of phagocytes? And what are their functions?
The two types of phagocytes are neutrophil that are found in the tissue fluid while while the other is monocytes that develop into macrophages that work in the organs
What are the structural differences between phagocytes and lymphocytes?
The phagocytes have a smaller nucleus and some have an irregular nucleus shapes to allow for more space to cover antigens and have granular cytoplasm while lymphocytes have about 90 percent of there cytoplasm occupied by the nucleus so it can make antibodies
Why is there is a steep incline in the dissociation curve ?
As the first oxygen joins with the iron in haemoglobin it makes space for the remaining molecules to enter and makes it easier thus making the absorption of oxygen quicker and making the graph streper
What is the formula of oxygen bonding with haemoglobin?
Hb+ 4O2 = HbO8
