Transport in animals definitions

Question 1

double circulation system

Answer 1

one in which the blood flows through the heart twice for each circuit of the body

Question 2

single circulation system

Answer 2

one in which the blood flows through the heart once for each circuit of the body

Question 3

transport

Answer 3

the movement of substances such as oxygen, hormones, heat and waste around the body

Question 4

arteries

Answer 4

vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Question 5

arterioles

Answer 5

small blood vessels that distribute blood from an artery to the capillaries

Question 6

capillaries

Answer 6

very small blood vessels with very thin walls

Question 7

closed circulatory system

Answer 7

one in which the blood is held in vessels

Question 8

open circulatory system

Answer 8

one in which the blood is not held in vessels

Question 9

veins

Answer 9

vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Question 10

venules

Answer 10

small blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and lead into the veins

Question 11

blood

Answer 11

the fluid used to transport materials around the body

Question 12

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 12

the pressure of a fluid exerts when pushing against the sides of a vessel or container

Question 13

lymph

Answer 13

the fluid held in the lymphatic system which is a system of tubes that returns the excess fluid to the body system

Question 14

oncotic pressure

Answer 14

the pressure created by osmotic effects of the solute

Question 15

plasma

Answer 15

the fluid portion of the blood

Question 16

tissue fluid

Answer 16

the fluid surrounding the cells and tissues

Question 17

atrio-ventrculuar valves

Answer 17

the valves between the atria and ventricles which ensure that the blood flows in the correct direction

Question 18

cardiac muscle

Answer 18

specialised muscle found in the walls of the heart chamber

Question 19

semi-lunar valves

Answer 19

the valves that prevent the blood from re-entering the heart from the arteries

Question 20

cardiac cycle

Answer 20

the sequence of events in one whole heart beat

Question 21

bradycardia

Answer 21

a slow heart rhythm

Question 22

ectopic heartbeat

Answer 22

an extra or early beat of the ventricles

Question 23

electrocardiogram

Answer 23

a trace that records the electrical activity of the heart

Question 24

fibrillation

Answer 24

uncoordinated contraction of the atria and ventricles

Question 25

myogenic muscle

Answer 25

muscle that can initate its own contraction

Question 26

purkyne tissue

Answer 26

consists of specially adapted muscle fibres that conduct the wave of excitation from the AVN down the septum to the ventricles

Question 27

sino-atrial node

Answer 27

the hearts pacemaker, small patch of conductive tissue that sends out waves of electrical excitation at regular intervals in order to initiate contractions

Question 28

tachycardia

Answer 28

a rapid heartbeat

Question 29

affinity

Answer 29

a strong attraction

Question 30

disscoiation

Answer 30

releasing the oxygen from the oxy-haemoglobin

Question 31

foetal haemoglobin

Answer 31

the type of haemoglobin found only in the foetus

Question 32

haemoglobin

Answer 32

the red pigment used to transport oxygen in the blood

Question 33

carbonic anhydrase

Answer 33

the enzyme that catalyses the combination of carbon dioxide and water

Question 34

chloride shift

Answer 34

the movement of chloride ions into the erythrocytes to balance the charge a the hydrogen carbonate ions leave the cell

Question 35

Bohr effect

Answer 35

the effect that extra carbon dioxide has on the haemoglobin explaining the release of more oxygen

Question 36

haemoglobinic acid

Answer 36

the compound formed by the buffering action of haemoglobin as it combines with excess hydrogen ions