Transport in animals definitions Flashcards
double circulation system
one in which the blood flows through the heart twice for each circuit of the body
single circulation system
one in which the blood flows through the heart once for each circuit of the body
transport
the movement of substances such as oxygen, hormones, heat and waste around the body
arteries
vessels that carry blood away from the heart
arterioles
small blood vessels that distribute blood from an artery to the capillaries
capillaries
very small blood vessels with very thin walls
closed circulatory system
one in which the blood is held in vessels
open circulatory system
one in which the blood is not held in vessels
veins
vessels that carry blood back to the heart
venules
small blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and lead into the veins
blood
the fluid used to transport materials around the body
hydrostatic pressure
the pressure of a fluid exerts when pushing against the sides of a vessel or container
lymph
the fluid held in the lymphatic system which is a system of tubes that returns the excess fluid to the body system
oncotic pressure
the pressure created by osmotic effects of the solute
plasma
the fluid portion of the blood
tissue fluid
the fluid surrounding the cells and tissues
atrio-ventrculuar valves
the valves between the atria and ventricles which ensure that the blood flows in the correct direction
cardiac muscle
specialised muscle found in the walls of the heart chamber
semi-lunar valves
the valves that prevent the blood from re-entering the heart from the arteries
cardiac cycle
the sequence of events in one whole heart beat
bradycardia
a slow heart rhythm
ectopic heartbeat
an extra or early beat of the ventricles
electrocardiogram
a trace that records the electrical activity of the heart
fibrillation
uncoordinated contraction of the atria and ventricles
myogenic muscle
muscle that can initate its own contraction
purkyne tissue
consists of specially adapted muscle fibres that conduct the wave of excitation from the AVN down the septum to the ventricles
sino-atrial node
the hearts pacemaker, small patch of conductive tissue that sends out waves of electrical excitation at regular intervals in order to initiate contractions
tachycardia
a rapid heartbeat
affinity
a strong attraction
disscoiation
releasing the oxygen from the oxy-haemoglobin
foetal haemoglobin
the type of haemoglobin found only in the foetus
haemoglobin
the red pigment used to transport oxygen in the blood
carbonic anhydrase
the enzyme that catalyses the combination of carbon dioxide and water
chloride shift
the movement of chloride ions into the erythrocytes to balance the charge a the hydrogen carbonate ions leave the cell
Bohr effect
the effect that extra carbon dioxide has on the haemoglobin explaining the release of more oxygen
haemoglobinic acid
the compound formed by the buffering action of haemoglobin as it combines with excess hydrogen ions
