Transport in Animals - Circulatory System, Heart

Question 1

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 1

1. A network of blood vessels carrying blood throughout the body
2. Blood has oxygen and nutrients which need to be diffused to different parts of the body
3. The heart pumps out blood

Question 2

Why do humans have a double circulatory system?

Answer 2

1. Efficient oxygen transport - Separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood for better oxygen delivery.
2. Higher blood pressure – Ensures faster circulation to organs and tissues.
3. Efficient oxygen transport – Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are kept separate for better delivery.

Question 3

What are the parts of the heart?

Answer 3

Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, vene cava (inferior and superior), pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, aorta.

Question 4

What are the right atrium and ventricle?

Answer 4

The right atrium/ventricle are the chamber of the heart which carry deoxygenated blood

Question 5

What are the left atrium and ventricle?

Answer 5

The left atrium/ventricle are the chamber of the heart which carry deoxygenated blood

Question 6

Explain the circulatory system.

Answer 6

Step 1: The superior and inferior vena cava bring deoxygenated blood into the right atrium.

Step 2: Blood moves through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.

Step 3: The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs for oxygenation.

Step 4: The pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood back to the left atrium.

Step 5: The oxygenated blood moves through the mitral (bicuspid) valve into the left ventricle.

Step 6: The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through the aortic valve into the aorta, which distributes it to the body.

This cycle repeats continuously.

Question 7

Name the four valves in the heart and state their function and where they are placed

Answer 7

The functions of all valves is to prevent backflow of blood

Atrioventricular valves:
1. Tricuspid valve - at the junction between the right atrium and ventricle
2. Bicuspid/Mitral valve - at the junction between the left atrium and ventricle

Semilunar valves:
1. Aortic Valve - in the aorta
2. Pulmonary Valve - at the junction between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle