Transport In Animals

Question 1

What does blood consist of

Answer 1

RBC

WBC- monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes

Question 2

Function of blood

Answer 2

Transport carbon dioxide and oxygen

Question 3

Transporting oxygen

Answer 3

Oxygen attached to haemoglobin and forms oxyhemoglobin

Question 4

Transporting CO2

Answer 4

1 dissolved in plasma
2 combined with NH2 groups of heamoglobin forming carbaminoheamoglobin
3 in the form of hydrocarbonate

Question 5

Carbon dioxide in muscles

Answer 5

RBC contain enzyme carbonic anhydrase- combines with CO2- forms carbonic acid- carbonic acid dissasociates forming hydrogen ions- these then diffuse out of RBC

Question 6

Bohr effect (s- shaped curve)

Answer 6

Heamoglobin pick up oxygen until fully saturated
Easier to pick up oxygen once on molecule had bound
If partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases it has a reduced affinity for oxygen

Question 7

High altitudes

Answer 7

Partial pressure of oxygen is lower at high altitudes

More RBC made to increase carrying capacity

Question 8

What is tissue fluid

Answer 8

Small pores in cappilaries allow water and low molecular mass solutes (glucose and ions) to pass out and form tissue fluid-some is reabsorbesd
Unabsorbed tisssue fluid become lymph (also has Protiens in it)

Question 9

Cardiac cycle

Answer 9

Atrial systole- atria contract

Ventricular systole- ventricles contract, blood forced into pulmonary artery

Diastole- Atria and ventricles relax and blood flows in

Question 10

Heart as its own pacemaker…

Answer 10

Sinoatrial node sends out impulse which make the atria contract, impulse stopped at tissue between atria and ventricles (due to non conductive tissue) atrioventricular node attached to Purkyne tissue which ensures the impulse is then passed to ventricles. Small delay between the impulses to let ventricles fill with blood