transport in animals Flashcards
effect of sa:v ratio on need of circulatory system
the smaller the sa:v ratio the more cells there are so there is a greater distance oxygen has to travel which is too great for diffusion alone to meet metabolic demands and ensure sufficient delivery of nutrients and removal of waste products
difference between mammal and fish circulatory system
label the parts
x- collagen fibres
y- elastic fibres and smooth muscle
z - endothelium cells
explain why only the conc of large plasma protein affects oncotic pressure
large plasma proteins cannot leave the capillary walls
imbalance of large plasma proteins between blood and tissue fluid results in the oncotic pressure
outline how difference in lumen size between arteries and vein is related to its functio
small lumen in artery maintains pressure
in veins need low friction due to low pressure so larger lumen so fewer particles collide with the wall and flow easier
describe what happens at each stage
features of tachnchardia
faster heartbeat
smaller QRS peak
p and t wave equal in height
t wave wider
why does aerobically fit person have lower ♡ rate
they have a larger stroke volume
increased ventricle size so can hold more blood to be pumped
and have stronger ♡ muscle to pump blood
how does increasing carbon dioxide reduce affinity of oxygen in hämoglobin
co2 converted into H2co3 when combined w co2
dissociates into h+ and hco3-
h+ lowers ph causing tertiary structure of hämoglobin to change therefore lower affinity for oxygen
why must foetus have higher oxygen affinity
lower partial pressure of oxygen in placenta
and o2 needs to be able to transport o2 from adult to foetal to survive
and respire
maintains an o2 gradient
