transport in animals Flashcards
give three characteristics regarding the heart.
Its walls are made up of striated voluntary muscle.Internally it is divided into four chambers. It is situated in a space between the lungs called the mediastinum.
Describe double circulation.
Blood passes through the heart twice in one circulation.
The myocardium (muscle layer of the heart wall) receives its blood supply directly from:
Coronary arteries
The double membrane surrounding the heart.
pericardium
The type of valve at the base of the pulmonary artery.
Semi‑lunar valve
The chamber of the heart with the thickest walls.
Left ventricle
The blood vessels carrying oxygenated blood back to heart.
Pulmonary veins
The largest artery in the body.
Aorta
The name used to indicate contraction of the heart.
Systole
the structure in the heart that allows it to contract on its own.
SA node
are found at the base of the blood vessels leaving the heart
Semilunar valves
Blood goes to the entire body.
Systemic circulation
Supply blood to the heart muscle
Coronary artery
Right atrium
Position of SA node
are found between the atria and ventricles.
atrioventricular valves (AV valves)
Closing of the semi-lunar valves
Dup
The heart is lined with a smooth membrane made of endothelial tissue.
Endocardium
Closing of the atrioventricular openings
Lub
The only artery in mammals that carries deoxygenated blood is the
Pulmonary artery
risk factors, which could bring about heart disease?
A diet high in saturated animal fat.Lack of exercise.Smoking cigarettes.Stressful lifestyle
Erythrocyte is another name for a
red cell.
provide the major defense for our bodies against invading bacteria and viruses.
white cells
likely to increase in quantities when the body is under attack from bacteria
leukocytes
When blood clumps or forms visible islands in the still liquid plasma, it is called:
agglutination
Antigens are
found on the surface of red cells
Blood clot formation in a coronary artery.
Coronary thrombosis
Blood vessels that transport blood to the heart.
veins.
what can affect pulse rate?
fitness and activity levels.
the heart’s four chambers
the left atrium and right atrium and the left ventricle and right ventricle
which blood chamber has the thickest walls and why?
left ventricle. more muscles contracting inside the left ventricle helps produce a higher force to move the blood towards the system.
what is blood pressure?
the pressure of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries.
role of blood?
transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues.
How is blood pressure measured?
sphygmomanometer
average blood pressure for a healthy adult.
less than 120/80 mmHg.
what produces the heartbeat sound?
blood flowing through the heart chambers as the cardiac valves open and close during the cardiac cycle.
Leukemia
A cancer of blood-forming tissues, hindering the body’s ability to fight infection.
Leukemia treatments
radiation therapy, chemo etc.
Anemia
a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells.
Causes of anemia
iron deficiency(is only one of them)
which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?
right
Pulmonary artery function.
carry blood from your heart to your lungs.
Where blood re-enters the the heart in systemic circulation.
right atrium
Function of the coronary artery.
supply blood to the heart.
Role of atria in the heart?
Atria receive blood returning to the heart from the body.
What is the cardiac cycle?
is the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next
regular expansion and contraction of an artery.
Pulse
coronary artery disease.
happens when coronary arteries struggle to supply the heart with enough blood
Main functions of arteries
distributing oxygen, nutrients and hormones throughout your body.
main function of capillaries .
transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells in your organs and body systems.
