Supporting systems and movement in animals Flashcards
Skeleton
Body’s supporting system that gives the body it’s shape.
Hydrostatic Skeleton
Has no hard structure and is found in soft bodied and cold blooded animals.
Types of Animals of the Hydrostatic Skeleton
Coelenterates…Annelids…Nematodes
Types of Animals of the Exoskeleton
Arthropds…Mollusks…Crustaceans
Endoskeleton
Present inside body and is the foundation for muscles
Tissues making up the Endoskeleton
Cartilage and Bone
Long Bone
Longer than they are wide and they support limbs and muscles.
Short Bone
Can rotate and is equal in length and width.
Flat Bone
Protect certain body parts and areas for muscle movement.
Bone Fracture
a crack or break in a bone
Stress Fracture
A tiny crack in bone caused by repeated pressure
Greenstick Fracture
Incomplete fracture
How many bones does an adult have?
206 Bones
Bones are made of
Nerve muscles and epithelial tissues.
Bones contain…
Red and yellow marrow
Bones produce what?
Red and white blood cells
What happens to our bones as we grow?
Bones grow with us
Skeleton functions
Support
Protection
Movement
Give body its shape
Produce blood cells
What are the two devisions of the skeleton?
Axial and appendicular skeleton
Has bones along the body’s long axis and is the central support of human body protecting the body’s vital organs. It is made up of the skull, the vertebral column (spine) and the bony thorax (ribs).
Axial Skeleton
Rickets
Inability to absorb calcium salt (lack of Vitamin D)
Develops strong bones
Calcium
Where does Vitamin D come from?
Sunlight exposure and food
Rickets treatments include:
Consuming Vitamin D
Sun exposure
Surgery
Special bracing
Osteomalacia
Disorder weakening bones caused by lack of mineralization
Where bones meet and are joined by cartilage or ligaments
Joint
Joint Classifications
Immovable
Semi-movable
Movable
Synovial joint which rotates within cup-shaped socket
Ball and socket joint
Hinge Joint
Moves up and down but not side to side
Pivot Joint
Allows rotation between atlas and axis vertebrae in neck
Where flat bone slips over another flat bone
Plane Joint
When joints become misaligned
Bunions
Sprains
Stretched or torn ligaments
Strains
Stretched or torn muscle or tendon
When two bones separate
Dislocation
Arithritis
Joint inflammation
Osteoarthritis
Inflammation of the bone and joint
Rheumatoid
Inflammation of the joints and tissues around it
When uric acid builds up in blood causing inflammation
Gout
Move bones by applying force to bones and joints
Skeletal Muscles
Functions of the skeleton muscles
Movement
Maintain posture
Generate heat
Stabalise joints
Action of one member is opposite of other
Antagonistic muscles
Contracted muscle that does not relax
Muscle cramp
what are the bones of the fingers called?
Phalanges
What are synovial joints?
They allow for movement.
Name the fixed joints.
skull bones, teeth in socket off the jaw etc.
