Transport: Impact Of Traffic Congestion On People Flashcards
Define Productivity
Productivity refers to the rate at which goods and services are produced.
How is productivity measured?
It is measured in output per unit of labour
Explain why traffic congestion reduces productivity
People have to spend more time commuting. This wastes time that could be spent on productive work.
Note to self:
Productivity goes down when transport system in inefficient
This leads to an economic loss for the country as a whole.
In Singapore the economic loss from inefficient transport amounts to _______% of the country’s annual income per person, according to a 2014 study by Siemens.
9%
In other countries such a Lagos, Nigeria, it can be as much as _____% of the country’s annual income per person.
28%
An efficient transport system can provide a city with up to ________ in economic value annually by 2030, according to the same report.
US $238 billion
Philippines loses _______ pesos a day in potential income due to traffic congestion.
2.4 billion pesos
People caught in traffic congestion often experience _______ and ________, which _________ _______ _____ ________ and ______ ______.
People caught in traffic congestion often experience stress and anxiety, which negatively affect their physical and mental health.
Define Physical health
Hint: body
Physical health refers to the general condition of a person’s body.
Define Mental health
Mental health refers to a person’s psychological state as indicated by his/ her emotions and behavior
Long traveling times can lead to _______. Drivers are more prone to __________ their ___________ or __________ ______, causing __________ or even _______.
Long traveling times can lead to fatigue. Drivers are more prone to losing their concentration or falling asleep, causing accidents or even deaths.
Explain why traffic congestion poses as a serious health hazard.
Traffic congestion is a source of exhaust fumes from idling vehicles stuck in traffic. These fumes include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and particulate matter. Some particulates are so small that they can penetrate deep into lung tissues, causing inflammation. Long-term exposure to these fumes has been linked to several health problems, including asthma and lung diseases.
Traffic congestion also has negative impacts on people’s mental health. (Elaborate on this statement)
Due to spending more time on the road, drivers may become prone to stress and frustration while stuck in traffic. This increases their chances of being involved in accidents and fights with other drivers.
Traffic congestion affects the environment and can cause ____________ ______________.
environmental degradation
