Transport across the plasma membrane Flashcards
Diffusion, Active transport, Osmosis, Filtration, Dialysis, Endocytosis, Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, Exocytosis
What is passive movement?
Substances move across the plasma membrane without assistance from the cell.
What is active movement?
The cell provides energy in the form of ATP so that substances move against a concentration gradient.
What is diffusion?
The net movement of molecules/ions due to their kinetic energy from an area of higher to lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion of larger molecules across a selectively permeable membrane with the assistance of integral proteins in the membrane that serve as carriers.
What is osmosis?
Net movement of water molecules due to kinetic energy across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher to lower concentration of water until equilibrium is reached.
What is osmotic pressure?
The pressure required to prevent the movement of pure water into a solution containing solutes when a selectively permeable membrane separates the solutions
What is an Isotonic solution?
Total concentration of water molecules and solute molecules are the same on both sides of the selectively permeable membrane.
What is Hypotonic solution?
Solution that has a higher conc. of solutes thus a lower conc. of water
What is Hypertonic solution?
Solution that has lower conc. of solutes thus a higher conc. of water
What is filtration?
The movement of solutes across a selectively permeable membrane as a result of gravity or hydrostatic (water) pressure from an area of higher to lower pressure.
What is dialysis?
The diffusion of solute particles across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower to higher concentration by interaction with integral proteins in the membranes
What is primary active transport?
Energy obtained from hydrolysis of ATP
What is secondary active transport?
Energy stored in an ionic concentration gradient
What is endocytosis?
Materials move into the cell in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane.
What is exocytosis?
Materials move out of the cell by the fusion of vesicles formed inside the cell with the plasma membrane.
What is phagocytosis?
Involved with large particles.
Pseudopodia surround the object and it becomes enclosed by the cell membrane and forms a vesicle. This then breaks off the cell membrane and its contents are digested,
What is pinocytosis?
Involved with smaller particles (liquids)
The cell membrane folds around the particle and forms a vesicle and then detaches from the cell membrane and travels to the inside of the cell.
What are phagocytosis and pinocytosis examples of?
Endocytosis
