Cellular level of organization Flashcards
Hierarchy, Plasma Proteins, Integral, peripheral, Channels, Carrier Proteins, Receptors, Enzymes
What is the hierarchy of complexity?
1) Chemical Level
2) Cellular Level
3) Tissue Level
4) Organ Level
5) System Level
What are the 2 types of plasma membrane proteins?
Integral proteins
Peripheral proteins
What are integral proteins?
Extend into/through the lipid bilayer among the fatty acids tails of the phospholipids.
What are peripheral proteins?
Associated more loosely with the heads of the phospholipids or with other integral proteins.
What can membrane proteins be?
Ion channels Transporters Receptors Enzymes Cell-identity markers Linkers
What are ion channels?
Have a pore or hole in them that is filled with water where specific ions are allowed to pass through this channel.
What are transporter/carrier proteins?
These selectively transport substances across the plasma membrane.
How do transporter/carrier proteins transport substances?
By changing their shape
What are receptors?
They recognise and bind to specific molecule (ligand).
What do receptors serve as?
Cellular recognition sites
What are enzymes?
They catalyse specific chemical reactions at the inside or outside surface of the cell, depending on which direction the active site faces.
What are cell identity markers?
They enable cells to recognise other cells of the same kind during tissue formation
What are linkers?
These anchor proteins in the plasma membrane to proteins of neighbouring cells and to protein filaments inside and outside the cell.
What is the plasma membrane permeable to?
Non-polar, uncharged molecules
What is the meaning of concentration gradient?
Different concentrations from different chemicals on either side of the plasma membrane
