Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell BIO Exam 1 > Transport across membranes > Flashcards

Transport across membranes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nernst Equation

A

Delta G = RTln [Cin]/[Cout] +zF * deltaEm, where z is the ion charge and deltaEm is the potential difference across membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

At rest, Na+/K+ ATPase has how many Na/K?

A

3Na+ out, 2 K+ in (both channels closed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

For depolarized, Na+/K+ ATPase has how many Na/K?

A

Na+ is flowing in (sodium gate open, potassium gate closed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

For repolarized Na+/K+ATPase how many Na/K

A

K+ is flowing out (sodium gate closed, potassium gate open)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Changes in membrane potential are due to what?

A

Ion flow across the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many mV does the full depolarization go to? What are the steps?

A
  1. Threshhold depolarization (-50mV)

2. Full depolarization (all-or-none response) (50mV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many mV is resting potential?

A

-70mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many mV is repolarization?

A

-80mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pre-synaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters into where?

A

Binds to receptor and opens ion channel (sodium flows in, threshold polarization reached then action potential cycle begins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are neuroreceptors gated?

A

They are ligand gated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of acetylcolene?

A

Binding to neuroreceptors to open ligand gated channel, which in return opens the ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acetylcholine receptor is ______ in size

A

Larger–no selectivity of ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

K+ gated channel is _____ in size

A

Smaller–lined with 4 O rings that stabilize ions. Na is to big to get through when hydrated, and too small to interact with oxygens when dehydrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

For action potential (before channel opened) K+ is at _____ and Na+ is at ________

A

Equilibrium, non-equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neurotransmitters either _____ or ______ synaptic Transmission

A

Stimulate, inhibit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do neurotransmitters bind to? What can they stimulate?

A

Post-synaptic membrane–can activate Na+ channel opening or can activate Cl- channel opening (causes inhibition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Acetylcholine stimulates ______ and inhibits ________

A

Skeletal muscle (Na+ gate opens), heart muscle (Cl- gate opens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two methods for removing neurotransmitters from synaptic cleft?

A

Destruction of acetylcholine (inhibited by nerve gas), re-uptake of dopamine (inhibited by cocaine) and seratonin (inhibited by prozac)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Synaptic dysfunction can lead to what diseases?

A

Parkinson’s, schizophrenia, depression, Autism

20
Q

What types of genes are affected in Autism?

A

Genes that effect synaptic function–too many genes (chrom #7)

21
Q

What types of genes are effected in Williams-Syndrome?

A

Genes that effect synaptic function–too little genes (chrom #7)

22
Q

What regulates neurotransmitter release?

A

Action potential stimulates fusion of lipid vesicles (neurotransmitters are inside them) to membrane (lets them out)

23
Q

What is Microarray used for? How?

A

Used to ID regions of the chromosomes that have different copy numbers (CNV). Genomic DNA from both diseased and WT individuals, label DNA with fluorescence (diff colors for each) then hybridize all DNA to microscope slide and where you see fluorescence you know which overlap (yellow = overlap, green/red=one group only)

24
Q

What genomic tool was used to detect CNV’s in autistic individuals?

A

Microarray

25
Q

Where do the CNV’s for autism come from?

A

Spontaneous germline mutations (not hereditary, parents do not have them)

26
Q

Why doesn’t action potential go backwards down axon (why is unidirectional)?

A

Inactivation peptide in voltage gated Na+ channel (allows refractory period in depolarization)

27
Q

Vertibrate axons are wrapped in ______?

A

meylin-sheath insulation

28
Q

what did the cell fusion experiments reveal?

A

They had a labeled human cell and an unlabeled mouse cell. Noticed the cells fused and their contents dispersed (equal dist. of labeled and unlabeled proteins).

29
Q

What does FRAP stand for?

A

Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching

30
Q

How does FRAP work?

A

Fluorescent label proteins in a cell, photobleach a hole into the cell, watch how long it takes for labeled proteins to diffuse into the hole.

31
Q

What does a short FRAP time indicate?

A

Very dynamic protein

32
Q

What does a long FRAP time indicate?

A

Very static protein

33
Q

How do integral membrane proteins interact with bilayer?

A

The penetrate through the whole bilayer. They have non-polar centers and polar tails

34
Q

How do peripheral membrane proteins interact with the bilayer?

A

Outside the membrane but associated with cytoplasmic side through noncovalent bonds

35
Q

How do lipid anchored membrane proteins interact with the bilayer?

A

Outside membrane but associated with either extracellular or cytoplasmic side through covalent bond.

36
Q

What types of protein uses GPI anchoring?

A

Lipid-Anchored membrane protein. Used for the cholesterol rafts.

37
Q

Why does propagation down an axon speed up?

A

Due to the myelin sheath, it can jump from node to node (saltatory conduction)

38
Q

Multiple Sclerosis is a disease of the ______.

A

Myelin sheath

39
Q

Action potentials only occur at ______ of axon.

A

Unwrapped gaps (Nodes of Ranvier)

40
Q

H+/K+ -ATPase of stomach lining pumps ___ into stomach lining against ____ gradient.

A

H+, [H+]

41
Q

Acid blocking drugs ______.

A

Block the binding of histamine to receptor on stomach lining. (Pepcide)

42
Q

Proton-pump inhibitor drugs _______.

A

inhibit the action of the proton pump.

43
Q

Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance regulator uses _____ to drive transport to thin mucous.

A

ATP

44
Q

People with cystic fibrosis have _____ Cl-efflux and _____ water efflux.

A

Decreased, decreased

45
Q

Cystic fibrosis causes what symptom?

A

Thickened mucous secretions

46
Q

H+ pumping in the mitochondria is a _____ process.

A

Active

Cell BIO Exam 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions