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MEDSURG OXYGENATION > TRANSPORT > Flashcards

TRANSPORT Flashcards

1
Q

abnormally low number of circulating red blood cells

A

ANEMIA

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2
Q

causes of anemia

A
  • blood loss: bleeding
  • hemolysis (destruction of rbc)
  • impaired rbc production: lack of nutrients or bone marrow failure
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3
Q

effects of anemia

A
  • impaired oxygen transport
  • reduction of rbc indices ans hemoglobin levels
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4
Q

[ANEMIA]
- refers to cell

A

CYTIC

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5
Q

indicates smaller than normal

A

MICROCYTIC

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6
Q

indicates larger than normal

A

MACROCYTIC

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7
Q

[ANEMIA]
- refers to color

A

CHROMIC

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8
Q

gives the blood cell the red color

A

HEMOGLOBIN

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9
Q

indicates less hemoglobin in RBC

A

HYPOCHROMIC

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10
Q

premature destruction of RBC’s

A

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

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11
Q

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
retention of __

A

IRON

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12
Q

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
compensatory increase in ___

A

ERYTHROPOIESIS

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13
Q

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
normal blood cells

A

NORMOCYTIC

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14
Q

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
normal color indicating hemoglobin content is normal

A

NORMOCHROMIC

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15
Q

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
Give the signs and symptoms of hemolytic anemia

A
  • fatigue
  • dyspnea
  • tachycardia
  • may increase in unconjugated bilirubin = mild jaundice
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16
Q

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
destruction takes place in the spleen

A

EXTRAVASCULAR

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17
Q

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
- often associated with faulty heart valves
- hemoglobin binds to plasma proteins

A

INTRAVASCULAR

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18
Q

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
if too much hemoglobin in the blood:
- free hemoglobin in the blood
- makes plasma turn red

A

HEMOGLOBINEMIA

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19
Q

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
- excreted in urine
- make urine darker in color

A

HEMOGLOBINURIA

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20
Q

TYPES OF HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
- hereditary spherocytosis ( affects rbc membrane making in a sphere)
- acquired hemolytic anemias (immune associated)

A

MEMBRANE DISORDERS

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21
Q

TYPES OF HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
- affect hemoglobin
- sickle cell anemia
- thalassemia (faulty hemoglobin synthesis)
*Alpha, Beta

A

HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES

22
Q

TYPES OF HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
- lifelong genetic disorder that causes rbc to break down when exposed to certain foods, medicines, or chemicals (triggers)

A

GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY (G6PD)

23
Q
  • results in a reduction of all three hematopoietic cell lines: rbc, wbc, platelets
A

APLASTIC ANEMIA

24
Q

APLASTIC ANEMIA
onset may be insidious or ___ and ___

A

VERY ACUTE AND SEVERE

25
Q

APLASTIC ANEMIA
__ in number of neutrophils
__ susceptibility to infection

A

decreased, increases

26
Q

APLASTIC ANEMIA
causes:

A
  • exposure to high doses of radiation, chemicals, and toxins that suppress hematopoiesis (formation of blood cellular components)
27
Q
  • is a major cause of B12 deficiency
  • marcocytic — normochromic (megaloblastic)
A

PERNICIOUS ANEMIA (B12 ANEMIA)

28
Q

Treatment of Pernicious Anemia

A

Lifelong IM injections of Vitamin B12

29
Q

is a form of chronic gastritis that results in the gradual loss of gastric glandular cells

A

ATROPHIC GASTRITIS

30
Q

is essential for synthesis of DNA

A

B12

31
Q

is required for dna synthesis and rbc maturation

A

FOLIC ACID

32
Q

ETIOLOGY
- inadequate intake
- increased demand
- folate antagonist chemotherapy
- malabsorption syndromes

A

FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

33
Q

body uses iron to make hemoglobin

A

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

34
Q

causes of iron deficiency anemia

A
  • dietary deficiency
  • chronic blood loss
  • increased demands during growth periods
35
Q
  • chronic hemolytic anemia
  • inherited disorder
  • blood cells form an elongated shape and may adhere to vessel walls
A

SICKLE CELL DISEASE

36
Q
  • causes by a mutation in the beta chain of hemoglobin (HbS)
A

SICKLE CELL DISEASE

37
Q

when hemoglobin is __ it forms the “sickle” shape

A

DEOXYGENATED

38
Q

SICKLE CELL MECHANISM
a person with ONE mutated gene (heterozygous = from mom/dad) __ of the beta chains are HbS proteins.

  • considered a __
A

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE TRAIT
40%

carrier

39
Q

SICKLE CELL MECHANISM
if BOTH genes are sickle cell (homozygous = from mom and dad)

__% - __% much more severe

A

80% - 95%

40
Q

HbS is sensitive to changes in the oxygen content of RBCs

___ causes sickling

A

LOW O2

41
Q

sickle shape — clumping — obstruction of microcirculation — ______

A

TISSUE HYPOXIA

42
Q

sickling is initiallt reversible with ____

A

OXYGENATION

43
Q

FETAL HEMOGLOBIN HAS _____

A

NO BETA CHAINS

44
Q

FETAL HEMOGLOBIN HAS __ & __

A

ALPHA CHAINS AND GAMMA CHAINS

45
Q

this means it cannot sickle

A

FETAL HEMOGLOBIN

46
Q

body does not make enough normal hemoglobin

A

THALASSEMIA

47
Q

2 TYPES OF ALPHA THALASSEMIA
- hemoglobin bart hydrops fetalis syndrome

A

MORE SEVERE

48
Q

2 TYPES OF ALPHA THALASSEMIA
HbH disease

A

MILDER

49
Q

THALASSEMIA
- 1- 4 defective genes
- affects both fetal and adult hemoglobin
- in fetus, gamma4 Hb may form
in adult, beta4 Hb may form

A

ALPHA

50
Q

THALASSEMIA
- >100 different mutations
- affects only adult hemoglobin
- Alpha4 Hb may form

A

BETA

MEDSURG OXYGENATION (3 decks)

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