PERFUSION Flashcards
transported from the lungs to the tissues
OXYGEN TRANSPORT
_% of O2 combines with RBC Hemoglobin
97%
__ is carried to tissues
OXYHEMOGLOBIN
remaining O2 is dissolved and transported in __ and __
PLASMA AND CELLS
O2 Carrying capacity of blood is expressed by:
- RED BLOOD CELLS
- HEMATOCRIT
- HEMOGLOBIN
Carbon Dioxide Transport
Must be transported from __ to __
TISSUES TO LUNGS
Carbon Dioxide Transport
Continually produced in the process of __
CELL METABOLISM
Carbon Dioxide Transport
carried inside RBCs as bicarbonate _%
65%
Carbon Dioxide Transport
- combines with Hemoglobin: Carboxyhemoglobin _%
30%
Carbon Dioxide Transport
- transported in plasma as carbonic acid _%
5%
GIVE 3 COMMON MANIFESTATIONS OF IMPAIRED RESPIRATORY FUNCTION
- HYPOXIA
- ALTERED BREATHING PATTERNS
- OBSTRUCTED OR PARTIALLY OBSTRUCTED AIRWAY
- insufficient amount of oxygen in tissues
- rapid pulse
- rapid, shallow respirations, and dyspnea
- increased restlessness or lightheadedness
- flaring of nares
- cyanosis
HYPOXIA
[ABNORMAL RESPIRATORY PATTERNS]
rapid rate
TACHYPNEA
[ABNORMAL RESPIRATORY PATTERNS]
abnormally slow rate
BRADYPNEA
[ABNORMAL RESPIRATORY PATTERNS]
cessation of breathing
APNEA
[ABNORMAL RESPIRATORY PATTERNS]
labored breathing
KUSSMAUL’S BREATHING
[ABNORMAL RESPIRATORY PATTERNS]
abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by groups of:
- quick
- shallow respirations
then followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea
BIOT RESPIRATORY PATTERN
[ABNORMAL RESPIRATORY PATTERNS]
near death breathing pattern
CHEYNE-STOKES
- is the sensation of breathlessness in a recumbent position
- relieved by sitting or standing
ORTHOPNEA
6P’s of Dyspnea
- Possible foreign body
- Pulmonary bronchial constriction
- Pulmonary embolus
- Pneumothorax
- Pump failure
- Pneumonia
low pitched snoring during inhalation
PARTIAL OBSTRUCTION
extreme inspiratory effort with no chest movement
COMPLETE OBSTRUCTION
- AKA ischemic heart disease
- caused by plaque buildup in the walls of the arteries
- causes: overweight, physical inactivity, unhealthy eating, family history of heart disease
- DX: ECG, stress test, chest x-ray, cardiac catheterization, coronary angiogram
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD)
- sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart
S/S: discomfort (pressure, tightness or burning)
- chest pain (chest, shoulders, arms, upper body, back, neck)
- indigestion
- dyspnea
- sudden, heavy sweating
- tachycardia
- lightheadedness or dizziness
- fainting
- unusual fatigue
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME (ACS)
abnormally elevated CO2 level in the blood
HYPERCAPNIA / HYPERCARBIA
insufficient oxygen in tissue levels
HYPOXIA
[NURSING RESPONSIBILITY]
- respiratory assessment
- past medical history
- lifestyle
- HEART
what is H in HEART?
Have client describe specific location, onset, and duration of the problem
describe specific location
[NURSING RESPONSIBILITY]
what is E in HEART?
Explore associated signs and symptoms
sign and symptoms
[NURSING RESPONSIBILITY]
what is A in HEART?
Ask activities that worsen or ease the problem
activities
[NURSING RESPONSIBILITY]
what is R in HEART?
Rate the severity of discomfort or incapacity
rate the severity
[NURSING RESPONSIBILITY]
what is T in HEART?
Talk treatments or interventions used to alleviate the problem and their effectiveness
treatments/interventions
Nursing Measure to Promote Respiratory Function
- Ensure a patent airway
- Positioning
- Encourage deep breathing, coughing
- Ensure adequate hydration
is a medical procedure used to drain air, fluid, or pus from the pleural space of the chest
THORACOSTOMY
[TYPES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS]
- is a system of tubing or other apparatus that is attached to the body to remove fluids in an airtight circuit
CLOSED DRAINAGE SYSTEM
[TYPES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS]
- a tube or apparatus that is inserted into the body and drains out onto a dressing
OPEN DRAINAGE SYSTEM
[TYPES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS]
- uses a pump or mechanical device to help pull the excessive fluid from the body
SUCTION DRAINAGE SYSTEM
what is the treatment for pneumothorax?
TUBE THORACOSTOMY
where to insert the chest tube during tube thoracostomy?
4th or 5th intercostal space
drain size: __ drain for blood
LARGE DRAIN
drain size: __ drain for pneumothorax
SMALLER DRAIN
help in opening up airway and prevent fluid or mucus from building up
INCENTIVE SPIROMETER
a treatment used with children who have had a heart surgery and who may have partial collapse of their lung tissue
- they are unable to clear by themselves
CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY
THREE TECHNIQUES OF CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY:
- PERCUSSION
- VIBRATION
- POSTURAL DRAINAGE
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS
- promotes secretion of sputum
EXPECTORANTS
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS
- break up mucus so you can clear it out of your lungs more easily
MUCOLYTIC
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS
- causes the widening of the bronchi
BRONCHODILATORS
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS
- suppress the cough reflex
COUGH SUPPRESSANTS
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS
- used to treat inflammation
CORTICOSTEROIDS
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS
- treatment of allergies
ANTIHISTAMINES
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS
- inhibits the growth of / destroys microorganisms
ANTIBIOTIC
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS
- constriction of blood vessels that increases blood pressure
VASOCONSTRICTORS
behaviors of negative O2 balance
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
- ARTERIAL
- VENOUS
- IMPAIRED TISSUE PERFUSION
position to improve cardiac output
SEMI FOWLER’S
avoid ___ maneuver
VALSALVA MANEUVER
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS
- inhibiting the coagulation of blood (change in a solid or semisolid state)
ANTICOAGULANTS
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS
- promotes the dilatation of the blood vessels
VASODILATORS
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS
- modifying the force or speed of contraction of muscles
INOTROPIC
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS
- used to prevent abnormal cardiac rhythms
ANTIDYSRHYTHMICS
ADMINISTRATION OF PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS
- used to lower blood pressure
ANTI HYPERTENSIVES
