Transplantation Flashcards
Define Autograft
Self tissue transferred from one body site to another on the same individual.
Define Isograft
Syngeneic
Ideal graft between identical twins
Define Allograft
Graft between two separate individuals (not identical twins)
Define Xenograft
Graft between different species.
(for clarification)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmDXVbte5Oc
Major antigen involved in determination of histoINcompatible vs. histocompatible tissue.
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
Tests used to determine whether a donor and host are histocompatible for MHCI and MHCII
MHCI: microtoxicity test
MHCII: mixed lymphocyte reaction test
For ABO blood type rejection, what type of hypersensitivity is it?
Type II HS
-complement directly causes cell lysis
Name the genes for class MHCI and MHCII
MHCI: HLA-A, B, and C
MHCII: HLA-DP, DQ, DR
What are the two stages of graft rejection?
Sensitization: recognition of foreign MHC by the recipient and proliferation of T cells.
Effector: Hallmark of graft rejection, T cells destroy donor tissue usually with CMI.
Describe Hyperacute graft rejection and 3 groups most likely to experience this.
Rejection that occurs in 24hrs following a graft, caused by pre-existing Abs to donor tissue. Type II hypersensitivity reaction.
- Blood transfusion recipients
- Repeat pregnancies
- People that have already had 1 graft
Describe acute graft rejection.
Rejection that occurs at an average of 10 days. Primarily a T cell response with CMI.
Describe chronic graft rejection.
Rejection that occurs over weeks to months. Both CMI and humoral (Ab-mediated) immunity. Usually results from a long-term failure of immunosuppressive therapy.
Most common cause of death post-transplant.
Infection
-more susceptible because of immunosuppressive meds
Which two transplants is HLA matching not necessary?
Cornea Liver (done by ABO blood type)
Which transplant requires BOTH HLA and ABO type?
Bone marrow
