Histo Flashcards
What is a reticulocyte?
Immature from of an erythrocyte, also the point in maturation where the nucleus disappears.
What can cause a RBC spherocyte morphology?
Deficiency of Spectrin
or
Unstanble Ankyrin
What can cause an Aconthocyte morphology?
Increase in the cholesterol:phospholipid ratio of the outer leaflet of the RBC membrane (lipid bilayer). Irreversible and indicative of liver disease.
What can cause an Echinocyte morphology?
Reversible expansion of outer leaflet of the RBC lipid bilayer.
What can cause an RBC Target Cell morphology?
Increase in the cholesterol:phospholipid ratio of the outer leaflet of the RBC membrane (lipid bilayer). Indicative of severe liver disease.
What can cause a Stomatocyte RBC morphology?
Expansion of the inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer. Can be cause by liver disease or a is hereditary.
What can cause a Dakryocyte RBC morphology?
Teardrop cell, due to membrane damage during maturation in a crowded bone marrow environment.
What causes elliptocyte RBC morphology?
Abnormalities of cell membrane proteins.
What causes Sickle cell disease?
Hereditary beta-globin chain mutation of valine to glutamate at position 6
What are contained in WBC azurophilic (primary) granules?
Lysosomes
What are contained in Neutrophil Secondary granules?
Type IV collagenase, phospholipidase
Complement Activators
Lysosime
What is contained in Neutrophil Tertiary Granules?
Phosphatase
Metalloprotease
What cell type and mediators allow neutrophils to migrate through capillary endothelium and to the site of injury?
Mast Cell
release histamine and heparin
What two things are contained in eosinophil specific granules?
Cristalloid Body: major basic protein
Granule Matrix
Both contain chemicals cytotoxic to protozoans and worms
What is contained in the basophil specific granules.
Heparin Sulfate
Histamine: vasodilation
SRS-A: vasodilation
Surface marker on basophils that signals B cells make more IgE.
CD40L
-binds with CD40 receptor on B lymphocytes
Main 3 surface markers of B lymphocytes.
CD10
CD19
CD79
2 Antibodies expressed by B cells.
IgM (released into circulation)
IgD (bound to membrane)
3 surface markers expressed by all T lymphocytes.
CD2
CD3
CD7
Surface makers expressed by:
Cytotoxic T cells
Helper T cells
Supressor T cells (2)
Cytotoxic: CD8
Helper: CD4
Supressor: CD8 and CD45RA+
Surface marker expressed by NK cells.
CD56
Name given to a macrophage (monocyte that has migrated to a specific tissue) once it has engulfed an antigen and become an Antigen Presenting Cell (APC).
Dendritic Cell
Main source of RBCs in the 1st 3 months of gestation.
Yolk Sac
Main source of RBCs during months 3-6 of gestation.
Liver
List the order of progression of the CFU-E lineage. (erythrocyte)
Pro-erythroblast basophil erythroblast polychromatophil erythroblast Normoblast reticulocyte erythrocyte
List the order of the progression of the CFU-Ba, Eo, M lineages.
(basophil, eosinophil, monocyte)
Myeloblast Promyelocyte Myelocyte (first stage where all 3 can be differentiated based on granules) Metamyelocyte (bean shaped nucleus) Band Granulocyte Mature granulocyte
What develops from the megakaryocyte lineage?
Large white blood cells form with a huge amount of cytoplasm. This cytoplasm eventually fragments into platelets.
From which lineage is each type of lymphocyte derived?
CFU-B: B cells
CFU-L: multipotent lymphocytes or NK cells
CFU-T: all T cells and NK cells
What is positive and negative selection of T lymphocytes in the thymus?
Positive Selection: process that checks which T cells actually function by exposing them to antigens (regardless if they are self antigens).
Negative Selections: takes those T cells that pass thru positive selection and only allows survival of those T cells that don’t recognize self antigens. (prevents autoimmune reactions)
