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Heme Onc Exam 1 > Histo > Flashcards

Histo Flashcards

1
Q

What is a reticulocyte?

A

Immature from of an erythrocyte, also the point in maturation where the nucleus disappears.

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2
Q

What can cause a RBC spherocyte morphology?

A

Deficiency of Spectrin
or
Unstanble Ankyrin

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3
Q

What can cause an Aconthocyte morphology?

A

Increase in the cholesterol:phospholipid ratio of the outer leaflet of the RBC membrane (lipid bilayer). Irreversible and indicative of liver disease.

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4
Q

What can cause an Echinocyte morphology?

A

Reversible expansion of outer leaflet of the RBC lipid bilayer.

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5
Q

What can cause an RBC Target Cell morphology?

A

Increase in the cholesterol:phospholipid ratio of the outer leaflet of the RBC membrane (lipid bilayer). Indicative of severe liver disease.

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6
Q

What can cause a Stomatocyte RBC morphology?

A

Expansion of the inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer. Can be cause by liver disease or a is hereditary.

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7
Q

What can cause a Dakryocyte RBC morphology?

A

Teardrop cell, due to membrane damage during maturation in a crowded bone marrow environment.

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8
Q

What causes elliptocyte RBC morphology?

A

Abnormalities of cell membrane proteins.

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9
Q

What causes Sickle cell disease?

A

Hereditary beta-globin chain mutation of valine to glutamate at position 6

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10
Q

What are contained in WBC azurophilic (primary) granules?

A

Lysosomes

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11
Q

What are contained in Neutrophil Secondary granules?

A

Type IV collagenase, phospholipidase
Complement Activators
Lysosime

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12
Q

What is contained in Neutrophil Tertiary Granules?

A

Phosphatase

Metalloprotease

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13
Q

What cell type and mediators allow neutrophils to migrate through capillary endothelium and to the site of injury?

A

Mast Cell

release histamine and heparin

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14
Q

What two things are contained in eosinophil specific granules?

A

Cristalloid Body: major basic protein
Granule Matrix

Both contain chemicals cytotoxic to protozoans and worms

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15
Q

What is contained in the basophil specific granules.

A

Heparin Sulfate
Histamine: vasodilation
SRS-A: vasodilation

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16
Q

Surface marker on basophils that signals B cells make more IgE.

A

CD40L

-binds with CD40 receptor on B lymphocytes

17
Q

Main 3 surface markers of B lymphocytes.

A

CD10
CD19
CD79

18
Q

2 Antibodies expressed by B cells.

A

IgM (released into circulation)

IgD (bound to membrane)

19
Q

3 surface markers expressed by all T lymphocytes.

A

CD2
CD3
CD7

20
Q

Surface makers expressed by:
Cytotoxic T cells
Helper T cells
Supressor T cells (2)

A

Cytotoxic: CD8
Helper: CD4
Supressor: CD8 and CD45RA+

21
Q

Surface marker expressed by NK cells.

A

CD56

22
Q

Name given to a macrophage (monocyte that has migrated to a specific tissue) once it has engulfed an antigen and become an Antigen Presenting Cell (APC).

A

Dendritic Cell

23
Q

Main source of RBCs in the 1st 3 months of gestation.

A

Yolk Sac

24
Q

Main source of RBCs during months 3-6 of gestation.

A

Liver

25
Q

List the order of progression of the CFU-E lineage. (erythrocyte)

A 
Pro-erythroblast
basophil erythroblast
polychromatophil erythroblast
Normoblast
reticulocyte
erythrocyte
26
Q

List the order of the progression of the CFU-Ba, Eo, M lineages.
(basophil, eosinophil, monocyte)

A 
Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte (first stage where all 3 can be differentiated based on granules)
Metamyelocyte (bean shaped nucleus)
Band Granulocyte
Mature granulocyte
27
Q

What develops from the megakaryocyte lineage?

A

Large white blood cells form with a huge amount of cytoplasm. This cytoplasm eventually fragments into platelets.

28
Q

From which lineage is each type of lymphocyte derived?

A

CFU-B: B cells
CFU-L: multipotent lymphocytes or NK cells
CFU-T: all T cells and NK cells

29
Q

What is positive and negative selection of T lymphocytes in the thymus?

A

Positive Selection: process that checks which T cells actually function by exposing them to antigens (regardless if they are self antigens).

Negative Selections: takes those T cells that pass thru positive selection and only allows survival of those T cells that don’t recognize self antigens. (prevents autoimmune reactions)

Heme Onc Exam 1 (15 decks)

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