transplantation

Question 1

what is autologous transplant

Answer 1

same person or twin in twins its called syngeneic

Question 2

what is allogeneic transplant

Answer 2

graft between to simillar individuals in the same species most common form

Question 3

what is xenogeneic

Answer 3

between species transplants

Question 4

define orthotopic and heterotopic transplant

Answer 4

orthotopic grafted in normal anatomical place, and heterotopic great sapherous vien in a diffent location.

Question 5

what are the immunologically privileged sites

Answer 5

brain eye testis uterus and hamster cheek pouch

Question 6

what makes these sites privileged sites

Answer 6

non normal lymphatic system, TGF beta produced at these sites, and Fas ligand reacts with lymphocyte to induce apoptosis

Question 7

what happends to trauma to privileged sites

Answer 7

damage an eye you must remove it because it will cause an autoimmune disease. Requres immunosupressive therapy

Question 8

what are the three laws of transplantation

Answer 8

1 transplants between twins is always rejected, 2 most dissimilar individual are rejected,3 grafts from children to parents will be rejected

Question 9

what causes rejection

Answer 9

the variable MHC that identify self are so variable

Question 10

what is hyperacute rejection

Answer 10

occurs in minutes due to the presence of antibodies of something in the graft. Difficult to treat and usually fatel

Question 11

what is acute rejection

Answer 11

takes place within one month, humoral or cell mediated immunity toward it. It is treated with immunosurpression high does steroidor anti t bodies and can be beat.

Question 12

what is chronic rejection

Answer 12

may occur months or years after the transplant, fibrosis and collagen accumulation, unknown mechanism unresponsive to immunosuppression

Question 13

what causes alloreactivity

Answer 13

alloreactivity is caused by the fact that the TCR will see the Forieng MHC with self peptide and this will cause the t cell to think its something bad

Question 14

how does alloreactivity become activated

Answer 14

passanger leukocytes dendritic cells present to to lymphocyte, stimulate CD4 alloreactive t cells to activate, this cause graft rejection.

Question 15

what is the first strategy in graft rejection

Answer 15

try and match the donor and recipient the best you can. Do this by matching MCH proteins. If you give male to female some minor hitocompatibility can occur

Question 16

what is the secound strategy in graft rejection

Answer 16

corticosteroid therapy use, but careful with infection and malignacnies because they become immunocomprimised. Can also use cyclosporine inhibits IL2 but is nephrotoxic. Antilymphocyte glubulin can cause serum sickness.

Question 17

what is the third strategy in graft rejection

Answer 17

remove passenger leukocyte from graft can eliminate or delay graft rejection.

Question 18

what is graft vs host disease

Answer 18

the bone marrow produces the lymphocytes and can see the host as forieng

Question 19

how does graft vs host disease effect leukemia patients

Answer 19

if you let them have a little graft vs host it will clean up the leukemia but too much is deadly