Transplant Immunology Flashcards
Which part of the immune system is specific or non-specific?
Specific
-Adaptive
Non-Specific
-Innate
Exterior defenses of the innate immune system
skin mucus cilia saliva low pH GI tract normal flora
Exterior defenses of the adaptive immune system
NONE
Specificity of Innate Immune System
Limited and Fixed
(Non-specific)
Specificity of Adaptive Immune System
Extensive
Which type of immune system has memory?
Adaptive
Time it takes for each type of immune system to respond
Innate
-hours
Adaptive
-days
Soluble factors of the Innate Immune System
Lysozymes Complement C-Reactive Protein Interferons Antimicrobial Peptides Mannose Binding Lectin
Soluble factors of the Adaptive Immune System
Antibodies
Cytokines
Cell types of the Innate Immune System
Neutrophils Monocytes Macrophages Natural Killer Cells Eosinophils
Cell types of the Adaptive Immune System
T lymphocytes (Tc and Th) B lymphocytes (memory and effector) -aka plasma cells
What does it mean that the innate immune system’s specificity is limited and fixed?
It cannot learn and does not have a memory.
Neutrophil
Granulocyte
- first responder
- small eater (phagocyte)
- esp if coated with IgG
- contain lysosomes
- small eater (phagocyte)
Segs vs Bands
Segs -mature neutrophils -float in blood Bands -immature neutrophils -not in circulation
Left Shift
Shift from Segs to Bands in blood
-indicating neutrophil response to infxn
(usually bacterial)
Eosinophils
THINK "PARASITES" or adverse drug rxn Granulocytes -also phagocytic -items too big for neutrophils -activated by IgE Found near -parasite infxns -allergic rxn -around antiB-antigen complex
Monocytes and Macrophages
Phagocytes Mononucleated Monocytes - blood Macrophages - tissues Macrophages are more active and have more Fc and compliment receptors Macrophages differentiate into: 1. Kupffer Cells in liver 2. Osteoclasts in bone 3. microglial cells in CNS
Basophils
Granulocytes
Release inflame mediators
-Histamine
Bloodstream cells assoc w IgE
Mast Cells
Think “ALLERGIES”
Release: Histamine,
heparin, and serotonin, etc.
Assoc w IgE
Main Functions of the Complement System in the Immune Response
- Lyse
- Stim chemotaxis of phagocytes
- Coat (opsonize) foreign paths
- Clear immune complexes
Three signals req’d for T Cell activation
- Antigen presentation
- with MHC - Co-stimulation signal
- CD 80/86 - Interaction of IL-2 with IL-2 Receptor
Antibody Mediated Rejection, think…
MHC II
Cellular Rejection, think…
MHC I
Antigen presenting cells
- Macrophages
- Dendritic Cells
- B Cells
- B cells only present antigen they make aBs for
Three signals req’d for T Cell activation
- Antigen presentation
- with MHC - Co-stimulation signal
- CD 80/86
- “secret handshake” - Interaction of IL-2 with IL-2 Receptor
- signal to speed up proliferation
First immunoglobulin to respond
IgM
Pentamer
No Fc portion b/c pentamer
Excellent activator of compliment
Immunoglobulin for long term immunity
IgG
Monomer
80% of serum antibodies
Can cross the placenta
IgA
secretions
dimer
IgE
Asthma or hay fever
