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Neuroanatomy 1 > Transmission of Nerve Impulses > Flashcards

Transmission of Nerve Impulses Flashcards

1
Q

Types of synaptic transmition

A
  • Electric
  • Chemical
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2
Q

Direct ionic transfer through gap junctions

A

Electric synaptic transmition

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3
Q

Neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft; neurotransmitter receptors gate ion channels directly or indirectly

A

Chemical synaptic transmition

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4
Q

Other names for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

A
  • Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (NMSN)
  • Peroneal muscular atrophy
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5
Q

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease comprises a group of disorders that affects…

A

Peripheral nerves (peripheral neuropathy)

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6
Q

The product of an individual excitatory synapse

A

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

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7
Q

The product of an individual inhibitory synapse

A

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)

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8
Q

The graded sum of the excitatory and inhibitory inputs on the postsynaptic membrane

A

Synaptic potential

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9
Q

Consecutive synaptic potentials at the same site are added together in the postsynaptic cell

A

Temporal summation

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10
Q

The inputs of many presynaptic neurons acting at different sites on the postsynaptic neuron are added together

A

Spatial summation

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11
Q

Contains synaptic vesicles that store and release neurotransmitters

A

Presynaptic membrane

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12
Q

Synaptic vesicles fuses with the inner surface of the presynaptic membrane at sites called

A

Active zones

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13
Q

Release of neurotransmitters depends on

A

Calcium influx

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14
Q

Release of neurotransmitters occurs by

A

Exocytosis

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15
Q

When an AP reaches the terminal portion of the neuronal membrane…

A

Depolarization causes voltage gated Ca++ channels to open

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16
Q

What does an influx of calcium cause?

A
  • Synaptic vesicles to dock onto the active zones
  • Release their neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft
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17
Q

What is neurotransmitter released followed by?

A
  • Endocytosis
  • Restoration of the vesicles
18
Q

Neurotransmitters can be _____ if their receptors gate positive ions into the intracellular fluid

A

Excitatory

19
Q

Neurotransmitters can be _____ if their receptors gate negative ions in the intracellular fluid

A

Inhibitory

20
Q

Neurotransmitters can also function as _____ having an excitatory or inhibitory influence on the postsynaptic cell

A

Neuromodulators

21
Q

Metabotropic receptors found in the presynaptic membrane function in:

A
  • Inhibiting further neurotransmitter release
  • Stimulating neurotransmitter synthesis
22
Q

All neurotransmitters are _____

A

Biogenic amines

23
Q

Where is acetylcholine found?

A
  • Neuromuscular junction
  • Autonomic ganglia
24
Q

AA derivates

A
  • Tyrosine derivatives (catecholamines)
  • Trytophan derivatives
  • Histidine derivatives
25
Q

Tyrosine derivatives

A
  • Dopamine (tyrosine makes L-dopa, L-dopa makes dopamine)
  • Norepinephrine/ Epinepherine (dopamine makes norepinephrine, norepinephrine makes epinepherine)
26
Q

Tryptophan derivatives

A

Serotonin

27
Q

Histidine derivatives

A

Histamine

28
Q

AAs that are neurotransmitters

A
  • Glutamate
  • Glycine
  • g-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)
29
Q

What is glutamate as a neurotransmitter responsible for?

A

CNS excitation

30
Q

What is glycine as a neurotransmitter responsible for?

A

Spinal cord inhibitory interneurons

31
Q

What is g-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a neurotransmitter responsible for?

A

CNS inhibition

32
Q

Neuromodulators found in the entire CNS but also found in other functional systems such as the endocrine, digestive, immune, ect

A

Neuroactive peptides

33
Q

The “input zone” of a neuron after a synapse

A

Postsynaptic membrane

34
Q

Postsynaptic membranes contain neurotransmitter receptors in sites called:

A

Postsynaptic densities

35
Q

Categories of neurotransmitter receptors

A
  • Transmitter (ligand) gated ion channels (ionotropic)
  • Second messenger coupled receptors (metabotropic/tyrosine kinases)
36
Q

Neurotransmitter binds to the receptor and causes the ion channel to open directly

A

Transmitter (ligand) gated ion channels

37
Q

Neurotransmitter binds to the receptor which activates a second messenger cascade which in turn opens, closes or modulates ion channels

A

Second messenger coupled receptors

38
Q

Examples of neurotransmitter receptor types: acetylcholine

A
  • Nicotinic receptors
  • Muscarinic receptors
39
Q

Nicotinic receptor agonist

A

Nicotine

40
Q

Nicotinic receptor antagonist

A

Curare

41
Q

Muscarinic receptor agonist

A

Muscarine

42
Q

Muscarinic receptor antagonist

A

Atropine

Neuroanatomy 1 (7 decks)

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