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Neuroanatomy 1 > Intro Cells > Flashcards

Intro Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Support cells of the CNS

A

Glia

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2
Q

Functional unit of the nervous system

A

Neuron (duh)

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3
Q

How many glia cells compared to neurons in the CNS?

A

10-50x more

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4
Q

What do glia cells do?

A

Supports neuronal function and structure

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5
Q

Mononuclear phagocytes derived from macrophages

A

Microglia

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6
Q

What do microglia do?

A
  • Responds to injury, infection, or disease
  • Expresses a range of antigens
  • Becomes activated in a number of infections and diseases (inc. MS, AIDS related dementia, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s)
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7
Q

Categories of Macroglia

A
  • Oligodendrocytes (CNS)/ Schwann cells (PNS)
  • Astrocytes (CNS)
  • Ependymal cells/Choroidal cells (CNS)
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8
Q

Produces myelin the the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

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9
Q

Space between Nodes of Ranvier

A

Axonal internode

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10
Q

How many axonal internodes are enveloped by oligodendrocytes?

A

15

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11
Q

Produces myelin the the PNS

A

Schwann cells

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12
Q

How many axonal internodes are enveloped by schwann cells?

A

1

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13
Q

What are schwann cells implicated in the ability of?

A

The PNS to regenerate after injury

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14
Q

What cells line the ventricles?

A

Ependymal cells

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15
Q

What cells line the choroid plexus?

A

Choroidal cells

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16
Q

Cavities in the CNS filled with CSF

A

Ventricles

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17
Q

What are ventricles filled with?

A

CSF

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18
Q

A collection of vessels within the ventricles that secrete CSF

A

Choroid plexus

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19
Q

What does the choroid plexus secrete?

A

CSF

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20
Q

What do astrocytes do in the embryo?

A

Influence growth or retraction of neurites

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21
Q

What do astrocytes do in an adult?

A
  • Regulates chemical contents in the extracellular space
  • Restricts the spread of neurotransmitters
  • Regulates the concentration of potassium
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22
Q

What do astrocytes possess?

A

Neurotransmitter receptors

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23
Q

Astrocytic end-foot on CNS neurons. What does it do?

A

Glial limiting membrane. Regulates nutrient passage

24
Q

Astrocytic end-foot on CNS capillaries inducing a tight junction

A

Blood-brain-barrier (BBB)

25
What does the BBB allow to enter the CNS?
Small, highly lipid soluble substances
26
What does the BBB prohibit passage of?
Large, complex objects
27
What does the BBB selectively transport?
Substances such as: - Glucose - Electrolytes - AAs
28
Neuron Cell Body Contents:
- Nucleus - Rough ER - Smooth ER - Mitochondria - Cytoskeleton
29
Neuron Cytoskeleton: Contents
- Microtubules - Microfilaments - Intermediate (neurofilaments)
30
Another name for Rough ER
Nissl bodies (Nissl substance)
31
Neurite
- Dendrite - Axon (Anything that comes out of the cell body)
32
Starting point of the axon
Axon hillock
33
Does an axon have rough ER?
- No - No protein synthesis
34
Other names for the bouton of the axon
- Axon terminal - Presynaptic terminal
35
What does the bouton contain?
Synaptic vesicles
36
A process responsible for moving substances to and from the cell body
Axoplasmic transport
37
Axoplasmic transport from the cell body
Anterograde axoplasmic transport
38
Axoplasmic transport towards the cell body
Retrograde axoplasmic transport
39
Where do the myelin sheaths envelop the axon?
Internodal spaces
40
Points on the axon that are not insulated by myelin
Nodes of Ranvier
41
The action potential of a myelinated axon proceeds from node to node in a process called:
Saltatory conduction
42
The action potential of a unmyelinated axon proceeds from node to node in a process called:
Battery conduction
43
Action potential occurs in which functional components of a neuron?
- Trigger (integrative) zone - Conductile zone - Output zone
44
Which functional component of the neuron is the area that receives the information to be propagated?
Input zone
45
What kind of signal is produced by the input zone?
Graded, local signal
46
The intensity of the graded local signal by the input zone is based on the:
- Stimulus intensity (receptor potential) - Neurotransmitter released (synaptic potential)
47
Receptor potential
Original stimulus
48
Synaptic potential
Every subsequent stimulus
49
Which functional component of the neuron is where the all or none action potential is generated?
Trigger zone
50
Which functional component of the neuron is responsible for propagating the AP?
Conductile zone
51
Which functional component of the neuron is responsible for the release of neurotransmitters?
Output zone
52
The amount of neurotransmitters released in the output zone is based on what?
Number and frequency of the APs
53
One process that gives rise to many branches
Unipolar cell
54
Two processes, a dendrite and an axon
Bipolar cell
55
Two processes, both function as axons
Pseudounipolar
56
An axon and many dendrites
Multipolar
57
Collection of axons in the CNS
Fasciculus/Tract/Lemniscus

Neuroanatomy 1 (7 decks)

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