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Neuroanatomy 1 > Intro Cells > Flashcards

Intro Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Support cells of the CNS

A

Glia

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2
Q

Functional unit of the nervous system

A

Neuron (duh)

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3
Q

How many glia cells compared to neurons in the CNS?

A

10-50x more

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4
Q

What do glia cells do?

A

Supports neuronal function and structure

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5
Q

Mononuclear phagocytes derived from macrophages

A

Microglia

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6
Q

What do microglia do?

A
  • Responds to injury, infection, or disease
  • Expresses a range of antigens
  • Becomes activated in a number of infections and diseases (inc. MS, AIDS related dementia, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s)
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7
Q

Categories of Macroglia

A
  • Oligodendrocytes (CNS)/ Schwann cells (PNS)
  • Astrocytes (CNS)
  • Ependymal cells/Choroidal cells (CNS)
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8
Q

Produces myelin the the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

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9
Q

Space between Nodes of Ranvier

A

Axonal internode

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10
Q

How many axonal internodes are enveloped by oligodendrocytes?

A

15

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11
Q

Produces myelin the the PNS

A

Schwann cells

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12
Q

How many axonal internodes are enveloped by schwann cells?

A

1

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13
Q

What are schwann cells implicated in the ability of?

A

The PNS to regenerate after injury

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14
Q

What cells line the ventricles?

A

Ependymal cells

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15
Q

What cells line the choroid plexus?

A

Choroidal cells

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16
Q

Cavities in the CNS filled with CSF

A

Ventricles

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17
Q

What are ventricles filled with?

A

CSF

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18
Q

A collection of vessels within the ventricles that secrete CSF

A

Choroid plexus

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19
Q

What does the choroid plexus secrete?

A

CSF

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20
Q

What do astrocytes do in the embryo?

A

Influence growth or retraction of neurites

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21
Q

What do astrocytes do in an adult?

A
  • Regulates chemical contents in the extracellular space
  • Restricts the spread of neurotransmitters
  • Regulates the concentration of potassium
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22
Q

What do astrocytes possess?

A

Neurotransmitter receptors

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23
Q

Astrocytic end-foot on CNS neurons. What does it do?

A

Glial limiting membrane. Regulates nutrient passage

24
Q

Astrocytic end-foot on CNS capillaries inducing a tight junction

A

Blood-brain-barrier (BBB)

25
Q

What does the BBB allow to enter the CNS?

A

Small, highly lipid soluble substances

26
Q

What does the BBB prohibit passage of?

A

Large, complex objects

27
Q

What does the BBB selectively transport?

A

Substances such as:
- Glucose
- Electrolytes
- AAs

28
Q

Neuron Cell Body Contents:

A
  • Nucleus
  • Rough ER
  • Smooth ER
  • Mitochondria
  • Cytoskeleton
29
Q

Neuron Cytoskeleton: Contents

A
  • Microtubules
  • Microfilaments
  • Intermediate (neurofilaments)
30
Q

Another name for Rough ER

A

Nissl bodies (Nissl substance)

31
Q

Neurite

A
  • Dendrite
  • Axon
    (Anything that comes out of the cell body)
32
Q

Starting point of the axon

A

Axon hillock

33
Q

Does an axon have rough ER?

A
  • No
  • No protein synthesis
34
Q

Other names for the bouton of the axon

A
  • Axon terminal
  • Presynaptic terminal
35
Q

What does the bouton contain?

A

Synaptic vesicles

36
Q

A process responsible for moving substances to and from the cell body

A

Axoplasmic transport

37
Q

Axoplasmic transport from the cell body

A

Anterograde axoplasmic transport

38
Q

Axoplasmic transport towards the cell body

A

Retrograde axoplasmic transport

39
Q

Where do the myelin sheaths envelop the axon?

A

Internodal spaces

40
Q

Points on the axon that are not insulated by myelin

A

Nodes of Ranvier

41
Q

The action potential of a myelinated axon proceeds from node to node in a process called:

A

Saltatory conduction

42
Q

The action potential of a unmyelinated axon proceeds from node to node in a process called:

A

Battery conduction

43
Q

Action potential occurs in which functional components of a neuron?

A
  • Trigger (integrative) zone
  • Conductile zone
  • Output zone
44
Q

Which functional component of the neuron is the area that receives the information to be propagated?

A

Input zone

45
Q

What kind of signal is produced by the input zone?

A

Graded, local signal

46
Q

The intensity of the graded local signal by the input zone is based on the:

A
  • Stimulus intensity (receptor potential)
  • Neurotransmitter released (synaptic potential)
47
Q

Receptor potential

A

Original stimulus

48
Q

Synaptic potential

A

Every subsequent stimulus

49
Q

Which functional component of the neuron is where the all or none action potential is generated?

A

Trigger zone

50
Q

Which functional component of the neuron is responsible for propagating the AP?

A

Conductile zone

51
Q

Which functional component of the neuron is responsible for the release of neurotransmitters?

A

Output zone

52
Q

The amount of neurotransmitters released in the output zone is based on what?

A

Number and frequency of the APs

53
Q

One process that gives rise to many branches

A

Unipolar cell

54
Q

Two processes, a dendrite and an axon

A

Bipolar cell

55
Q

Two processes, both function as axons

A

Pseudounipolar

56
Q

An axon and many dendrites

A

Multipolar

57
Q

Collection of axons in the CNS

A

Fasciculus/Tract/Lemniscus

Neuroanatomy 1 (7 decks)

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