Transmission of infection

Question 1

What is the most cost-effective intervention for worldwide control of disease

Answer 1

Hand washing

Question 2

T/F : Infection is commonly transmitted through direct person-to-person contact and, most often, hand-to-hand

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Types of pathogen produced by the immune system in response to any pathogen. Can destroy or inactivate pathogens

Answer 3

Antibodies

Question 4

Special group or type of antibodies that can render a toxic substance harmless. Can neutralize a specific toxin

Answer 4

Antitoxins

Question 5

What are the five types of potentially harmful pathogens

Answer 5

Bacteria, virus, fungi, external parasite, biofilm

Question 6

Define bacteria

Answer 6

One-celled micro-organisms that grow best in warm dark or dirty environment.

Question 7

What are the two categories of bacteria

Answer 7

Nonpathogenic (non-disease producing)
Pathogenic(disease producing)

Question 8

Nonpathogenic bacteria

Answer 8

Harmless; potentially beneficial
Makes up appx 70% of all bacteria. Cause decay of refuse or vegetation. Has health enhancing properties

Question 9

Saprophytes

Answer 9

Type of non pathogenic bacteria that live on dead or decaying organic matter

Question 10

Nonpathogenic

Answer 10

Non disease producing

Question 11

Pathogenic bacteria

Answer 11

Can cause disease; live everywhere in the environment; some produce toxins(poisons); can spread easily via contamination or dirty hands/nails

Question 12

Contagious/communicable

Answer 12

When a disease is spread from one person to another via contact. Ex: strep staph infection impetigo

Question 13

How does bacteria cause infection?

Answer 13

By invading the body through a break in the skin or through any of the body’s natural openings (I.e. nose mouth eyes ears or genitalia)

Question 14

When does infection occur?

Answer 14

When insufficient numbers of antibodies are produced by the immune system

Question 15

Contraindications

Answer 15

Reason for withholding particular treatments (ex: skin infection)

Question 16

MRSA

Answer 16

Highly contagious
Enters through open wounds
Can cause serious staph infection
Resistant to most antibiotics
Initially appears as pimple or boil

Question 17

Mycobacterium

Answer 17

Contagious bacteria found in soil or water including tap water treated with chlorine
Avoid having cracked dry skin to prevent pathogens From entering body

Question 18

Viruses

Answer 18

Submicroscopic infectious particle
Ex common cold flu chickenpox mumps measles rabies HIV hepatitis
Use host cells
Vaccinations may prevent certain viruses

Question 19

Hepatitis A

Answer 19

Transmitted person to person contact or consumption of contaminated food/water
Vaccine preventable

Question 20

Hepatitis B &C

Answer 20

Blood borne pathogen; highly infectious disease affecting the liver
Hep B is vaccine preventable; immunization is often recommended for personal service workers

Question 21

Herpes simplex virus 1 & 2

Answer 21

(HSV-1 & HSV-2)
most common virus estheticians should be aware of
Can show up as a cold sore or as an STD

Question 22

Human immunodeficiency Virus

Answer 22

HIV can lead to AIDS
Attacks and destroys the infection fighting cells of the immune system
Infectious fluids can enter through child birth, cuts, sores, sexual intercourse , sharing needles or syringes

Question 23

HPV

Answer 23

Human papilloma virus
Only known cause of cervical cancer
Can lead to genital warts plantar warts and cervical changes
Vaccine preventable

Question 24

Parasitic mites

Answer 24

Insects that cause contagious diseases (ex head lice (pediculosis capitis ) and itch mites (scabies)
Highly contagious
Infestations can cause severe skin problems with secondary bacterial infection due to scratching

Question 25

External parasites

Answer 25

Obtain nutrients from host

Question 26

Scabies

Answer 26

Caused by itch mites burrowing under the skin Commonly found between fingers and toes Presents as red rash and blisters Spreads skin to skin Rarely transfers via clothing or towels Medical attention required

Question 27

Head lice

Answer 27

Transmitted from person to person via articles coming in contact (towels headbands etc) Usually found at base of neck or behind ears Head scratching redness and/or small bite marks Treated by pediculide shampoo Cannot live off the body for more than 48 hours

Question 28

Fungi

Answer 28

Type of mold and yeast that may produce contagious diseases

Question 29

Ringworm

Answer 29

Highly contagious Appears as red round patches that create circles then scales and pustules Itchiness Present anywhere on the body Feeds off dead skin and can spread via towel or facecloth

Question 30

Mildew

Answer 30

Fungus that doesn’t cause human infection but can harm plants or surfaces such as sinks and towel bins

Question 31

Biofilm

Answer 31

Type of slime created when bacterial colony and water are present Easily identifiable as slime build up around drain

Question 32

Six signs of infection

Answer 32

Pain Swelling Redness Local fever Throbbing Discharge

Question 33

Person to person contact

Answer 33

Direct transmission; infected person exchanges pathogens with another person through direct contact Ex: warts pink eye and influenza

Question 34

Indirect transmission

Answer 34

Object to person transmission Airborne transmission Contaminated objects Food and drinking water Animal to person Insect bites Ex: ring worm mrsa e. Coli

Question 35

Common means of spreading infection

Answer 35

Open sores Unclean hands Coughing/sneezing Shared drinks & towels Use of implements on infected and non infected areas Non properly disinfected tables and instruments Unsanitary work conditions

Question 36

Ways to control spread of infection

Answer 36

Personal hygiene Public awareness Infection control procedures Vaccinations

Question 37

Two classes of infection

Answer 37

Local (small confined area) General (whole body, systemic, circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to entire body)

Question 38

Asymptomatic carrier

Answer 38

Carries disease producing bacteria/virus with now recognizable symptoms of the diseases

Question 39

Standard precautions

Answer 39

Practice of using the same infection control procedures with all clients. Properly disinfect tools implements and equipment Hand washing Wear PPE Must be used with blood bodily fluids secretions and excretions (except sweat) mucus membranes and broken skin