Transmission Based Precautions

Question 1

What is PPE?

Answer 1

Personal Protective Equipment

Question 2

What is HAI?

Answer 2

Hospital Acquired Infection

Question 3

What is SSI?

Answer 3

Surgical Site Infection

Question 4

What is CLASBI?

Answer 4

Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection

Question 5

What is CAUTI?

Answer 5

Catheter Associated Urinary Track Infection

Question 6

What is MRSA?

Answer 6

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureas

Question 7

What is VRE?

Answer 7

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci

Question 8

What is C.Diff?

Answer 8

Clostridium Difficile

Question 9

What is MRO?

Answer 9

Medication Resistance organisms

• MRSA
• VRE
• C.Diff

Question 10

What are the different types of PPE?

Answer 10

Gloves
Gowns
Face protection - masks, shields, goggles
Respiratory protection - face mask, respirator

Question 11

Why is it important to have transmission based precautions/standard precautions?

Answer 11

To prevent hospital acquired infections

The best way to do that is hand hygiene

Question 12

What is the purpose of the gown?

Answer 12

Protect the skin and or clothing from fluids or secretions

Question 13

How do masks, goggles and face shields protect the face?

Answer 13

Masks - protects the nose and mouth (cover fully)
- Surgical masks –> protects large droplets

Goggles - protects the eyes; personal glasses are not a substitute for goggles

Face shields - protects face, nose, mouth and eyes (should cover forehead, extend to chin and wrap around the side of the face

Question 14

What is the purpose for respiratory protection?

Answer 14

To protect from inhalation of infectious aerosols

Question 15

What is the N95?

Answer 15

It is a respirator that needs to be used when encounter with patients with TB

It needs to be fitted, if not you have to use a PAPR

Question 16

What is the elastomeric respirators?

Answer 16

It’s used to expose things we do not know about (i.e bioterrorism)

Question 17

What is the order for donning or putting on PPE?

Answer 17

Gown
Mask/respirator
Goggles or face shield
Gloves

Question 18

What is the order for doffing or taking off PPE?

Answer 18

Gloves
Gown
Face shield/goggles
Mask or respirator

Question 19

What are the different types of transmission based precautions, according to the CDC?

Answer 19

Contact
Airborne
Droplet

Question 20

What are the different types of transmission based precautions, according to health care institution?

Answer 20

Contact
Airborne
Droplet
Special Enteric
Special Airborne
Special Droplet
Others

Question 21

What are contact precautions?

Answer 21

prevention of transmission agents through the spread of direct contact with the patient or environment

Question 22

What are some examples of skin infections?

Answer 22

skin infections, rashes, MRSA, VRE, excessive would drainage, fecal incontinence

Question 23

What type of PPE do you need for contact precautions?

Answer 23

Hand Hygiene

Gloves and gowns

Question 24

What type of care will patient need for someone who is on contact precautions?

Answer 24

Patients with infectious diarrhea will need to use a separate bathroom

Dedicated patient material

Question 25

What are special enteric precautions?

Answer 25

It is a subset of contact precautions
Type of agents - C.diff, norovirus, rotavirus
Same PPE needed for regular contact precautions
MUST WASH HANDS WITH SOAP AND WATER

Question 26

What are droplet precautions?

Answer 26

Prevents transmission of agents spread through close respiratory or mucous membrane contact with respiratory secretions

i.e: pertussis, influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus, streptococcus

Question 27

What type of PPE do you need for droplet precautions?

Answer 27

hand hygiene
face mask (required 3 ft within patient)
Others as appropriate

Question 28

What type of care will a patient who is on droplet precautions need?

Answer 28

Private room or with patient with same infection (cohorting)

Patient wears mask when exiting the room

Question 29

What are airborne precautions?

Answer 29

Prevents transmission of agents that are disseminated in droplets or dust particles
Remains infectious over long distances when suspended in the air

Agents- TB, measles and chickenpox

Question 30

What type of PPE will you need to wear with a patient who is under airborne precautions?

Answer 30

Hand hygiene
N-95 (respiratory mask); don before entry and doff after exit
Others as appropriate

Question 31

How do you care for a patient who is under airborne precautions?

Answer 31

Private room
negative pressure isolation room is required
Patient wears regular face mask when out of the room

Question 32

What are some effects patients face when they feel isolated?

Answer 32

Embarrassed
scared
guilty/responsible
bad about something they have no control over
lonely
less likely to use the call bell
bored
anxious
depressed

Question 33

How do you uplift a patient who feels isolated?

Answer 33

Visit often (encourage pt’s family to visit more)
cohorting
therapeutic touch
education

Question 34

What is infection control?

Answer 34

Occurs when the presence of pathogens leads to a chain of events

Nurses use infection control practices to break the chain and stop infection

Question 35

What are the types of pathogens?

Answer 35

Pathogens –> microbes

Bacteria –> TB, E. Coli, S. Aureas

Viruses –> bacteria that uses the host’s genetic machinery to reproduce –> HIV

Fungi –> Molds and yeasts

Prions –> protein particles

Parasites –> Protozoa (malaria, taxoplasmosis) and helminths (worms), flukes

Virulence –> Ability of pathogens to invade and injure a host