Transmission Based Precautions Flashcards
What is PPE?
Personal Protective Equipment
What is HAI?
Hospital Acquired Infection
What is SSI?
Surgical Site Infection
What is CLASBI?
Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection
What is CAUTI?
Catheter Associated Urinary Track Infection
What is MRSA?
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureas
What is VRE?
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci
What is C.Diff?
Clostridium Difficile
What is MRO?
Medication Resistance organisms
- MRSA
- VRE
- C.Diff
What are the different types of PPE?
Gloves
Gowns
Face protection - masks, shields, goggles
Respiratory protection - face mask, respirator
Why is it important to have transmission based precautions/standard precautions?
To prevent hospital acquired infections
The best way to do that is hand hygiene
What is the purpose of the gown?
Protect the skin and or clothing from fluids or secretions
How do masks, goggles and face shields protect the face?
Masks - protects the nose and mouth (cover fully)
- Surgical masks –> protects large droplets
Goggles - protects the eyes; personal glasses are not a substitute for goggles
Face shields - protects face, nose, mouth and eyes (should cover forehead, extend to chin and wrap around the side of the face
What is the purpose for respiratory protection?
To protect from inhalation of infectious aerosols
What is the N95?
It is a respirator that needs to be used when encounter with patients with TB
It needs to be fitted, if not you have to use a PAPR
What is the elastomeric respirators?
It’s used to expose things we do not know about (i.e bioterrorism)
What is the order for donning or putting on PPE?
Gown
Mask/respirator
Goggles or face shield
Gloves
What is the order for doffing or taking off PPE?
Gloves
Gown
Face shield/goggles
Mask or respirator
What are the different types of transmission based precautions, according to the CDC?
Contact
Airborne
Droplet
What are the different types of transmission based precautions, according to health care institution?
Contact Airborne Droplet Special Enteric Special Airborne Special Droplet Others
What are contact precautions?
prevention of transmission agents through the spread of direct contact with the patient or environment
What are some examples of skin infections?
skin infections, rashes, MRSA, VRE, excessive would drainage, fecal incontinence
What type of PPE do you need for contact precautions?
Hand Hygiene
Gloves and gowns
What type of care will patient need for someone who is on contact precautions?
Patients with infectious diarrhea will need to use a separate bathroom
Dedicated patient material
What are special enteric precautions?
It is a subset of contact precautions
Type of agents - C.diff, norovirus, rotavirus
Same PPE needed for regular contact precautions
MUST WASH HANDS WITH SOAP AND WATER
What are droplet precautions?
Prevents transmission of agents spread through close respiratory or mucous membrane contact with respiratory secretions
i.e: pertussis, influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus, streptococcus
What type of PPE do you need for droplet precautions?
hand hygiene
face mask (required 3 ft within patient)
Others as appropriate
What type of care will a patient who is on droplet precautions need?
Private room or with patient with same infection (cohorting)
Patient wears mask when exiting the room
What are airborne precautions?
Prevents transmission of agents that are disseminated in droplets or dust particles
Remains infectious over long distances when suspended in the air
Agents- TB, measles and chickenpox
What type of PPE will you need to wear with a patient who is under airborne precautions?
Hand hygiene
N-95 (respiratory mask); don before entry and doff after exit
Others as appropriate
How do you care for a patient who is under airborne precautions?
Private room
negative pressure isolation room is required
Patient wears regular face mask when out of the room
What are some effects patients face when they feel isolated?
Embarrassed scared guilty/responsible bad about something they have no control over lonely less likely to use the call bell bored anxious depressed
How do you uplift a patient who feels isolated?
Visit often (encourage pt’s family to visit more)
cohorting
therapeutic touch
education
What is infection control?
Occurs when the presence of pathogens leads to a chain of events
Nurses use infection control practices to break the chain and stop infection
What are the types of pathogens?
Pathogens –> microbes
Bacteria –> TB, E. Coli, S. Aureas
Viruses –> bacteria that uses the host’s genetic machinery to reproduce –> HIV
Fungi –> Molds and yeasts
Prions –> protein particles
Parasites –> Protozoa (malaria, taxoplasmosis) and helminths (worms), flukes
Virulence –> Ability of pathogens to invade and injure a host
