Personal Hygiene, Bed Baths, and Toileting Flashcards
What factors influence personal hygiene?
Culture Physical disabilities Mental disabilities Poor Education Religion Environment Developmental level Health and energy Personal preferences
What are the different kinds of hygienic care nurses provide to clients?
General grooming Back care Perineal care Oral hygiene Hair care Nail care Foot care Shaving (when necessary)
What is a complete bed bath?
All parts of the body are bathed including oral hygiene
What is a partial bed bath?
Some parts of the body
“Sponge bath at the sink” - assistance with hard to reach areas
What is a tub bath or shower?
Provide towels and supplies
Prepare the tub or shower area
What is a bag bath?
Pre-moistened cloths in a solution of no rinse surfactant cleanser and emollient
Dry shampoo
What are intake and output measurements?
Measurement and recording of all fluid intake and output during a 24 hour period
All routes of fluid intake and all routes of fluid loss
What are some examples of intake?
Oral fluids
- water
- milk
- coffee
- tea
- soda
- juices
- ice chips
- food (jello, ice cream, pudding)
More advanced - nurses responsibility
- tube feedings
- IV fluids
- catheter
- tube irrigants
How much mL is in 1 ounce?
30 mL
How many mL in a pint?
500 mL
How many mL in a quart
1000 mL
What are examples of output?
urinary
bowel movements
liquid feces
vomitus
More advanced:
- tube and wound drainage
- Wound fistulas
- Foley –> measured with graduated cylinder
What kind of important data does input and output provide?
Provides data about client’s fluid and electrolyte balance
Helps determine patient’s fluid status
- Are they hydrated/dehydrated?
- Are they in fluid overload
generally measured for hospitalized at-risk clients
How many mL are in a coffee cup (8 oz)?
240 mL
How many mL are in a water pitcher?
1000 mL
How many mL are in a soup bowl?
180 mL
How many mL are in jello?
120 mL
Who can have a role in keeping accurate I&O records other than the nurse and healthcare staff?
Client
Family members
Caregivers
If patient is incontinent of urine, how do you record the amount?
You estimate it, then record
If incontinence is frequent –> nursing intervention –> ostomy or a foley
What is a normal urinary output for an adult in 24 hours?
800-2000mL
What is the normal adult liquid intake?
2 liters
What is a therapeutic bath
a bath for physical effects to sooth irritated skin to promote healing of an area
i.e Sitz bath –>soothe and heal perineum –> for mothers after childbirth or clients after rectal surgery
What is a mediation bath?
taken in a tub of water with medication in it to sooth irritated or itchy skin (i.e sunburn, hives, and skin diseases)
No longer than 20 to 30 minute
What are some examples of Activities of Daily Living (ADLS)
toileting bathing eating/feeding dressing grooming transferring
What is personal hygiene?
Maintaining cleanliness and grooming of the external body
through ADLS
What happens when there is failure to keep up with personal hygiene?
increase risk of infection or illness
social and psychological aspects can be affected
Potential for violating cultural and religious considerations
DO NOT FORCE CHANGES IN HYGIENE PRACTICES UNLESS PRACTICES AFFECT PAITENT’S HEALTH
What are reasons for providing personal hygiene?
Promotes good habits of personal hygiene
Provides comfort and stimulates circulation
Helps improves self image
Opportunity to develop a good and caring relationship with patient
What are factors that depend on a patient’s self-care ability?
Patient's mental status Muscle strength Flexibility Visual acuity Ability to detect thermal and tactile stimulus
How do you help a patient with their personal hygiene?
YOU ASK if they prefer
- shower vs. bath
- what type of hygiene or grooming products they use
- How do they care for their hearing aids and dentures, providing perineal care, hair care etc.
Teaching of new hygiene practices
- bariatric patients and adaptive bathing methods
- Diabetic foot care –> be careful d/t circulation in the legs
What are lifespan considerations for bathing for infants, children, adolescents, and older adults?
Infants - gentle handling, sponge baths, immediately dried and wrapped, regulate body temperature since newborns lose heat readily
Toddlers/School Age - Active Play, encourage participation as appropriate for developmental level, don’t leave unattended
Adolescents - growth and maturation (puberty)
Older Adults - skin changes (fragile skin, less oil and moisture, decrease in elasticity), minimize skin dryness avoid using soap, moisturize skin after bathing, avoid excessive powder (provide less moisture and hazardous inhalant), protect from hot water burns
What is toileting?
Act of assisting a dependent patient with his/her elimination needs
Toileting needs differ from patient’s condition
Involve patient walking to the bathroom, to portable commode, onto a bed pan or provide a urinal
What are some considerations in terms of toileting?
Maintain dignity of patient
Ask patient about their regular toilet habits and words they use to describe them
Toilet regimens should be tailored to the needs of the individual patient
Toileting need is the primary reason for the call light use
Use standard precautions when handling body fluids
As a nurse, what are somethings you should keep in mind while assisting a patient with toileting?
Is patient allowed to get out of bed to go to the bathroom?
What kind of assistance does my patient need to get to the bathroom?
Are there any obstacles in the way for getting into the bathroom?
Special needs –> older adults, obese patients, patients who have hip and knee surgery, spinal surgery, debilitated patients
Use of equipment –> lifts, need assistance to transfer patient
Toileting options
- regular toilet
- hospital toilet w/ sprayer
- raised toilet seats –> common for hip surgery, elderly folks)
- portable commode
- Bed Pan —> regular, fracture (used for people w/ hip fracture), bariatric (obese patients), urinal
