Transmission And Host Defences Flashcards
What are the four types of carriers
Active, convalescent, healthy, incubatory
What are the two types of transmission
Vertical and horizontal
What are the two types of horizontal transmission
Airborne and contact
What is airborne transmission
Droplets (flu) or dust (Hanta virus carried by rats )
What are the 2 types of contact transmission
Direct + indirect
How does direct contact transmit
Respiratory or salivary
- faecal oral
- venereal (sexually transmitted)
- skin
How does indirect contact transmit
Through famines
What is vehicle transmission and how does it transmit
- Spread over long distances
- food + water
What are the two types of vector transmission
External and internal
What physical defences does the body have to fight infections
Cell junctions
- skin (keratin)
- endothelia
- mucous membranes
- microbiome
What are the different types of chemical defences within the body.
- Chemical and enzymes (sebum, oleic acid)
- antimicrobial peptides
- plasma protein mediators ( acute phase proteins, the complementary system , cytokines)
Inflammation-eliciting
What does the complement system consist of
Classic pathway
Alternative pathway
lectin pathway
What are the 2 pillars within adaptive immunity
Specific and memory
What are the 2 cells the are active during adaptive immunity
T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes
Whet is involved in T cells and cellular immunity
T cell receptors (epilogue specific)
Helper T cells (II)
Cytotoxic T cells (I)
Whet is involved in B cells and cellular immunity
B cell receptor (D &m)
- T cell independent activation
T call dependent activation
What is the difference between a vehicle and fomites as a form of transmission
Both have the virus on the but vehicles have an environment that allows the virus to remain on it meaning it can be transported and transmitted further
