transmission Flashcards
define vector
living or non-living factor that transmits a pathogen from one organism to another
define spore
reproductive cell capable of developing into a new individual without fusion with a gamete
define contagious disease
a disease that can be passed from one organism to another
what is meant by direct transmission of a pathogen
pathogen is transferred directly from one individual to another
what are the 3 types of direct transmission + examples
- direct contact: kissing, skin to skin contact
- inoculation: break in the skin, animal bite
- ingestion: contaminated food/drink
what are 3 types of indirect transmission + examples
- fomites: inanimate objects (bedding, socks)
- droplet infection: droplets of saliva expelled from mouth
- vectors: mosquitoes, water
how does ring rot spread
- direct contact between plants
- soil contamination
- human vectors
how does TMV spread
- direct contact
- soil contamination
- human vectors
how does potato blight spread
- soil contamination
- wind vector
- water vector
how does black sigatoka spread?
- wind vector
- direct contact
how does TB spread?
- droplet infection
how does bacterial meningitis spread?
- direct contact (kissing/contact w/body fluids)
- droplets from sneezing/coughing
how does AIDS spread
- through break in skin - inoculation of infected blood in contact with non-infected blood (sharing needles)
how does influenza spread
- droplet infection
how does ring worm spread?
- direct contact
- fomites
how does malaria spread?
- mosquito bite vector
how does athletes foot spread?
- fomites
- direct contact
state 7 factors that affect the transmission of communicable diseases in animals
- overcrowded living and working conditions
- poor nutrition
- compromised immune system
- poor disposal of waste providing breeding site for vectors
- climate change - introduce new vectors and diseases by increasing temperature
- culture and infrastructure - traditional medical practises increase transmission
- socioeconomic factors - lack of trained health workers
state 5 factors that affect the transmission of communicable diseases in plants.
- planting varieties of crops suceptible to disease
- overcrowding increases likelihood of contact
- poor mineral nutrition reduces resistance of plants
- damp, warm conditions increase the survival and spread of pathogens and spores
- climate change - increased rainfall and wind
