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Biology 4.1.1 - Communicable Diseases > transmission > Flashcards

transmission Flashcards

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1
Q

define vector

A

living or non-living factor that transmits a pathogen from one organism to another

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2
Q

define spore

A

reproductive cell capable of developing into a new individual without fusion with a gamete

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3
Q

define contagious disease

A

a disease that can be passed from one organism to another

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4
Q

what is meant by direct transmission of a pathogen

A

pathogen is transferred directly from one individual to another

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5
Q

what are the 3 types of direct transmission + examples

A
  • direct contact: kissing, skin to skin contact
  • inoculation: break in the skin, animal bite
  • ingestion: contaminated food/drink
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6
Q

what are 3 types of indirect transmission + examples

A
  • fomites: inanimate objects (bedding, socks)
  • droplet infection: droplets of saliva expelled from mouth
  • vectors: mosquitoes, water
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7
Q

how does ring rot spread

A
  • direct contact between plants
  • soil contamination
  • human vectors
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8
Q

how does TMV spread

A
  • direct contact
  • soil contamination
  • human vectors
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9
Q

how does potato blight spread

A
  • soil contamination
  • wind vector
  • water vector
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10
Q

how does black sigatoka spread?

A
  • wind vector
  • direct contact
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11
Q

how does TB spread?

A
  • droplet infection
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12
Q

how does bacterial meningitis spread?

A
  • direct contact (kissing/contact w/body fluids)
  • droplets from sneezing/coughing
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13
Q

how does AIDS spread

A
  • through break in skin - inoculation of infected blood in contact with non-infected blood (sharing needles)
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14
Q

how does influenza spread

A
  • droplet infection
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15
Q

how does ring worm spread?

A
  • direct contact
  • fomites
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16
Q

how does malaria spread?

A
  • mosquito bite vector
17
Q

how does athletes foot spread?

A
  • fomites
  • direct contact
18
Q

state 7 factors that affect the transmission of communicable diseases in animals

A
  • overcrowded living and working conditions
  • poor nutrition
  • compromised immune system
  • poor disposal of waste providing breeding site for vectors
  • climate change - introduce new vectors and diseases by increasing temperature
  • culture and infrastructure - traditional medical practises increase transmission
  • socioeconomic factors - lack of trained health workers
19
Q

state 5 factors that affect the transmission of communicable diseases in plants.

A
  • planting varieties of crops suceptible to disease
  • overcrowding increases likelihood of contact
  • poor mineral nutrition reduces resistance of plants
  • damp, warm conditions increase the survival and spread of pathogens and spores
  • climate change - increased rainfall and wind

Biology 4.1.1 - Communicable Diseases (8 decks)

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