translation and protein synthesis

Question 1

what is a gene

Answer 1

A section of DNA that directs the synthesis of one or more overlapping mature RNA molecule. This includes parts that are not transcribed like the promoter region. Genes are units of transcription (the number of non mRNA coding genes is growing )

Question 2

degenerate code

Answer 2

multiple codons code for the same amino acid

Question 3

start codon

Answer 3

ribosome will only start translating at start codon.

Question 4

the RNA needed

Answer 4

mRNA contains the code

tRNA decodes and brings the amino acid

rRNA links the amino acids

Question 5

how does protein synthesis happen

Answer 5

Initiation: The mRNA reaches the ribosome, which is the cell’s protein-making machine. The ribosome starts reading the mRNA at the start codon (AUG), and a special transfer RNA (tRNA) brings the first amino acid to the ribosome.

Elongation: The ribosome moves along the mRNA, reading each codon (three letters at a time). Each codon tells the ribosome which amino acid to add. The tRNA brings the correct amino acid, and the ribosome links the amino acids together to form a protein chain. peptide transfer is peptide bond formation (catalysed by rRNA) and translocation is moving to the next codon

Termination: When the ribosome reaches a stop codon (end signal)(release factor recognises this) , the protein chain is released. The ribosome separates from the mRNA, and the protein is completed.

Question 6

aminoacylsynthaze

Answer 6

enzyme that allows coupling of tRNA to the amino acid

Question 7

RNA processing

Answer 7

RNA processing is the series of steps that occur after transcription to modify the newly created messenger RNA (mRNA) before it is used for protein synthesis