Translation Flashcards
What serves as the second genetic code?
aminoacyl tRNA’s because they control what aa gets put on the tRNA to match with codon to make a polypeptide chain
What role do EF1 and EF2 play in translation?
They act as chaperones for the aminoacyl tRNA making the translation more efficient and accurate
How does streptomyosin work in translation?
it binds to the 30s subunit in prokaryotes and halts translation so no more protein can be made and the organism will die
What role do Clindamysin and Erythromycin play in translation?
They bind to the 50s subunit and disrupt the translocation of the subunit so that the ribosomal complex cannot move along the mRNA and no protein is made
How do tetracyclines work?
They bind to the 30s subunit and disrupt elongation
In which subunit does peptidyl transferase act?
large subunit
What does the initiation complex do first?
facilitate binding of small subunit to Met tRNA
What are some components of the initiation complex?
hydrolysis of GTP, eIF4 eIF5-8 make the full complex.
What does puromyocin and tyrosil-tRNA do?
they halt translation because they act as a stop codon (homologs)
What are polysomes and why are they useful?
Polysomes are formed when many ribosomes translate the same chain. This is useful because it makes translation more efficient
What is different about the mRNA used in mitochondrial translation?
mRNA doesnt have a 7-methyl guanosine cap at the 5’ end
What is the translation initiator in mitochondrial translation?
fMet-tRNA
What type of translation does mitochondrial translation resemble most?
prokaryotic
DMD and beta thalacemia are a result of what type of mutation?
frameshift
