translation Flashcards
what is a codon
a sequence of 3 bases which codes for one amino acid
what are anticodons and what molecule holds them
a sequence of 3 bases on a trna
they are complimentary to a specific codon on mrna
what components of a trna molecule make it so specific
they hold specific anticodons which are complimentary to a specific codon
they also carry a specific amino acid
briefly describe the 4 protein structures
primary- amino acid sequence
secondary- alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
tertiary- folded 3d shape
quaternary- combines with other polypeptides
what bonds bind a trna and mrna
temporary hydrogen bonds
describe the steps of translation
1- mrna binds to the centre of ribosome
2- trna anticodon is complimentary to a codon on an mrna and they bind together through temporary hydrogen bonds
3-another trna with specific amino acid will then bind to the next codon
4- the 1st amino acid binds to the 2nd amino acid by a peptide bond via peptidyl transferase, which joins amino acids together
5- ribosome moves along rna whilst trna joins and leaves and an amino acid chain is formed
6- the ribosome will reach a stop codon, knowing when to stop binding to trna and the polypeptide will be released
what does peptidyl transferase do
enzyme at the ribosome which joins two amino acids together, it continues to join amino acids until finished
what bond is used to join amino acids
peptide
how many nucleotides code for one amino acid
3 nucleotides code for 1 amino acid
when does the process of translation know when to stop
when the ribosome reaches a stop codon, the polypeptide is released
what bond is formed between amino acids on trna
peptide bonds
