DNA- deoxyribosenucleicacid Flashcards
what is a nucleotide
a molecule consisting of a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base.
Monomer of a nucleic acid
what is a polynucleotide
multiple nucleotides making a large molecule
what carbon is the nitrogenous base linked to of the pentose sugar
the base is linked to sugar at C1
what carbon is the phosphate group linked to on a pentose sugar
c3 or c5
what bonds form to attach a sugar, phopshate and base.
covalent bond formed via a condensation reaction
what is the monomer of a nucleic acid
nucleotide
what is a phosphorylated nucleotide
a nucleotide which has more than one phosphate group
what is an example of a phosphorylated nucleotide
ADP and ATP
give an example of a nucleotide being a component of a coenzyme
NADP
what is a nucleoside
a nucleotide without a phosphate group
where is dna found in a eukaryotic cell
in the nuclei
how many polynucleotide strands is there in 1 dna
2
what is the word to describe the strands of dna
antiparallel
what is a purine,
a nucleotide consisting of two rings
adenine
guanine
what is a pyrimidine
a nucleotide with 1 ring
thymine
cytosine
name the pairs of bases
guanine and cytosine
adenine and thymine
what does it mean by the 5’ end of a strand
the end of the sugar phosphate backbone where the phosphate group is attached to the fifth carbon of the sugar
what is the sugar phosphate backbone
structural framework of the nucleic acids representing the upright part of the dna molecule
what does it mean by the 3’ end of a strand
where the phosphate is attached to the third carbon of a deoxyribose sugar in the sugar phosphate backbone
what are the “rungs of the ladder”
complimentary nitrogenous base pairs, joined by hydrogen bonds
dna is wound around what protiens
dna is wound around histone proteins to create chromosomes
what is the ratio of dna:chromosome
1 dna molecule : 1 chromosome
in prokaryotes, describe the dna
dna is
- a loop of dna in the cytoplasm
-not wound around histone proteins “naked”
