translation Flashcards
what is translation?
Translation is the series of biochemical steps through which the cell uses the information in an mRNA molecule to direct the synthesis of a protein
how is the information in mRNA translated into protein?
the decoding capacity of tRNA
what are the 2 core processes of translation?
peptide bond formation and decoding of mRNA
what is the pre-requisite process for translation?
tRNA aminoacylation
what does translation involve?
An mRNA template with codons
tRNAs that carry amino acids
Ribosome
how does mRNA in bacteria and eukaryotes differ?
The 5’ end (bacteria - triphosphates, eukaryotes - 7MeG cap0
3’ end ( bacteria - stem loop, eukaryotes - poly(A)
what are the characteristics of the genetic code?
Triplet, non-overlapping, unpunctuated
Bases read 3 at a time
No gaps between triplets
Triplets do not overlap
what is the start codon?
AUG
what are the stop codons?
UAg, UGA, UAA
what amino acids only have 1 codon specified?
methionine and tryptophan
who discovered the genetic code was non overlapping?
Brenner
who discovered that a single nucelotide change showed a single amino acid change in the genetic code?
Fraenkel-conrat
who disovered that the genetic code was unpunctuated?
Crick and Brenner
who laid the groundwork for deciphering genetic code?
Nirenberg and Matthaei
what was the experiment Nirenberg and Matthaei used and what was discovered?
they used poly(U) only polyphenylalanine was synthesized. UUU=Phe
