Translation Flashcards
What do the three letters of bottom of a tRNA represent?
Anticodon loop that will bind to the mRNA codon
What bond forms between bases on tRNA?
H-bonds
Where does the amino acid attach to tRNA?
The top of the structure
What are the two things required for accurate translation?
- Correct match between tRNA and amino acid
2. Correct match between tRNA anticodon and mRNA codon
What is the enzyme used to bind amino acids to tRNA?
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
There are only 45 tRNAs but 61 aa-coding codons… Why is this possible?
Wobble
What is wobble?
Flexible pairing at thtird base of codon; allows some tRNA to bind to more than one codon
What is the first step in translation?
Small subunit connects to the mRNA
Describe each site on a ribosome.
A site- a single amino acid attached to tRNA (aminoacyl-tRNA binding site)
P site- polypeptide attached to tRNA is located in this site. Will bond to the amino acid in the A site to build peptide chain (peptidyl-tRNA binding site)
E site- tRNA is released (exit site)
What are the four types of RNA?
mRNA- messenger (encodes for protein)
tRNA- transfer (transfer amino acid to growing polypeptide)
rRNA- ribosomal (found in ribosome)
sRNA- small (found in spliceomere and helps remove introns from mRNA)
What are the three stages of translation?
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
What does the initiator tRNA look for to start translation?
AUG sequence to start binding sequence
What are the two steps of initiation?
- Small ribosomal subunit bind to mRNA
2. Large ribosomal subunit completes the initiation complex
What is the name of the complete complex for translation?
Translation initiation complex
What are the three steps of elongation?
- Codon recognition (codon recognized by tRNA)
- Peptide bond formation (peptide bond formed between new aa)
- Translocation (shifting of tRNA)