Translation Flashcards

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1
Q

What do the three letters of bottom of a tRNA represent?

A

Anticodon loop that will bind to the mRNA codon

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2
Q

What bond forms between bases on tRNA?

A

H-bonds

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3
Q

Where does the amino acid attach to tRNA?

A

The top of the structure

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4
Q

What are the two things required for accurate translation?

A
  1. Correct match between tRNA and amino acid

2. Correct match between tRNA anticodon and mRNA codon

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5
Q

What is the enzyme used to bind amino acids to tRNA?

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

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6
Q

There are only 45 tRNAs but 61 aa-coding codons… Why is this possible?

A

Wobble

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7
Q

What is wobble?

A

Flexible pairing at thtird base of codon; allows some tRNA to bind to more than one codon

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8
Q

What is the first step in translation?

A

Small subunit connects to the mRNA

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9
Q

Describe each site on a ribosome.

A

A site- a single amino acid attached to tRNA (aminoacyl-tRNA binding site)
P site- polypeptide attached to tRNA is located in this site. Will bond to the amino acid in the A site to build peptide chain (peptidyl-tRNA binding site)
E site- tRNA is released (exit site)

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10
Q

What are the four types of RNA?

A

mRNA- messenger (encodes for protein)
tRNA- transfer (transfer amino acid to growing polypeptide)
rRNA- ribosomal (found in ribosome)
sRNA- small (found in spliceomere and helps remove introns from mRNA)

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11
Q

What are the three stages of translation?

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Termination
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12
Q

What does the initiator tRNA look for to start translation?

A

AUG sequence to start binding sequence

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13
Q

What are the two steps of initiation?

A
  1. Small ribosomal subunit bind to mRNA

2. Large ribosomal subunit completes the initiation complex

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14
Q

What is the name of the complete complex for translation?

A

Translation initiation complex

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15
Q

What are the three steps of elongation?

A
  1. Codon recognition (codon recognized by tRNA)
  2. Peptide bond formation (peptide bond formed between new aa)
  3. Translocation (shifting of tRNA)
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16
Q

What proteins are involved in the adding of new amino acids to the tRNA chain?

A

Elongation factors

17
Q

What kind of bond is a peptide bond?

A

Covalent

18
Q

What is the order of movement of tRNA in a ribosome?

A

A site, P site, E site (unless its a AUG start codon, which begins in the P site)

19
Q

What is the role of elongation factors?

A

Bring the correct tRNA to the binding site in a ribosome

20
Q

What is the role of a release factor?

A

Breaking of bonds by the promotion of hydrolysis

21
Q

What does a stop codon cause to occur to the ribosome?

A

Ribosomal subunits and other components dissociate

22
Q

How are products of translation made functional?

A

Polypeptides must be folded and sometimes modified

23
Q

What is the purpose of post translation modification?

A

Alter biological activity or direct to specific locations in cell

24
Q

What are some post-translation modifications that can occur?

A
  1. Change physical shape
  2. Chemical modification
  3. Addition of molecules/factors
  4. Loss of amino acids