The Central Dogma

Question 1

What is the a gene?

Answer 1

1. a discrete unit of inheritance
2. a region of specific nucleotide sequence in a chromosome
3. a DNA sequence that codes for a specific polypeptide chain

Question 2

What is the basic order for making a protein?

Answer 2

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

Question 3

What is the process of turning DNA into a protein called?

Answer 3

Gene expression

Question 4

What is a genome?

Answer 4

All the DNA present in a cell

Question 5

Describe the central dogma of molecular biology.

Answer 5

DNA undergoes transcription (convert DNA to RNA) to form RNA (mRNA). The RNA will undergo translation (language of nucleotides to language of amino acids) to form a protein

Question 6

How are the instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins encoded in DNA?

Answer 6

Genetic code

Question 7

What are the two names of the DNA before translation occurs?

Answer 7

DNA template strand and coding strand

Question 8

The mRNA is identical to the ______ strand, just adding a U instead of a T.

Answer 8

Coding strand

Question 9

The mRNA undergoes translation which uses three consecutive bases to form what?

Answer 9

Codons which stand for one of the 20 amino acids

Question 10

How many “stop” codons are there?

Answer 10

3

Question 11

What is the start codon?

Answer 11

AUG= START (Met)

Question 12

What is tRNA

Answer 12

Anticodon that is the complementary strand of RNA that binds to the mRNA

Question 13

The tRNA is identical to the ________ strand, just adding a U instead of a T.

Answer 13

Template strand

Question 14

Where does transcription and translation occur in bacterial cells?

Answer 14

Cytoplasm

Question 15

Where does transcription and translation occur in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 15

Transcription- nucleus

Translation- Cytoplasm