The Central Dogma Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the a gene?

A
  1. a discrete unit of inheritance
  2. a region of specific nucleotide sequence in a chromosome
  3. a DNA sequence that codes for a specific polypeptide chain
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2
Q

What is the basic order for making a protein?

A

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

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3
Q

What is the process of turning DNA into a protein called?

A

Gene expression

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4
Q

What is a genome?

A

All the DNA present in a cell

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5
Q

Describe the central dogma of molecular biology.

A

DNA undergoes transcription (convert DNA to RNA) to form RNA (mRNA). The RNA will undergo translation (language of nucleotides to language of amino acids) to form a protein

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6
Q

How are the instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins encoded in DNA?

A

Genetic code

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7
Q

What are the two names of the DNA before translation occurs?

A

DNA template strand and coding strand

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8
Q

The mRNA is identical to the ______ strand, just adding a U instead of a T.

A

Coding strand

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9
Q

The mRNA undergoes translation which uses three consecutive bases to form what?

A

Codons which stand for one of the 20 amino acids

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10
Q

How many “stop” codons are there?

A

3

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11
Q

What is the start codon?

A

AUG= START (Met)

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12
Q

What is tRNA

A

Anticodon that is the complementary strand of RNA that binds to the mRNA

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13
Q

The tRNA is identical to the ________ strand, just adding a U instead of a T.

A

Template strand

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14
Q

Where does transcription and translation occur in bacterial cells?

A

Cytoplasm

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15
Q

Where does transcription and translation occur in eukaryotic cells?

A

Transcription- nucleus

Translation- Cytoplasm

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