The Central Dogma Flashcards
What is the a gene?
- a discrete unit of inheritance
- a region of specific nucleotide sequence in a chromosome
- a DNA sequence that codes for a specific polypeptide chain
What is the basic order for making a protein?
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
What is the process of turning DNA into a protein called?
Gene expression
What is a genome?
All the DNA present in a cell
Describe the central dogma of molecular biology.
DNA undergoes transcription (convert DNA to RNA) to form RNA (mRNA). The RNA will undergo translation (language of nucleotides to language of amino acids) to form a protein
How are the instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins encoded in DNA?
Genetic code
What are the two names of the DNA before translation occurs?
DNA template strand and coding strand
The mRNA is identical to the ______ strand, just adding a U instead of a T.
Coding strand
The mRNA undergoes translation which uses three consecutive bases to form what?
Codons which stand for one of the 20 amino acids
How many “stop” codons are there?
3
What is the start codon?
AUG= START (Met)
What is tRNA
Anticodon that is the complementary strand of RNA that binds to the mRNA
The tRNA is identical to the ________ strand, just adding a U instead of a T.
Template strand
Where does transcription and translation occur in bacterial cells?
Cytoplasm
Where does transcription and translation occur in eukaryotic cells?
Transcription- nucleus
Translation- Cytoplasm