Transitional Metals Flashcards
Which transitional metals are exceptions to the aufbau principle?
Chromium and copper atom
What is the oxidation number of oxygen?
- 2
What is hydrogens oxidation number?
+ 1
What is the sum of all the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound?
Zero
What does the sum of all the oxidation numbers in an ion be equal to?
The charge on the ion
What can you tell when the oxidation number increases?
Oxidation has occurred
What would be oxidation state of a reducing agent be?
Low oxidation state
What are ligands?
Negative ions or molecules with non-bonding pairs of electrons that they donate to the central metal atom or ion, forming dative covalent bonds.
How can ligands be classified?
From monodente up to hexadente
What is the coordination number of a ligand?
The total number of bonds from the ligand to the central transitional metal
When is the d orbital no longer degenerate?
In complex transitional metals
When does the splitting of a d orbitals to higher and lower energies occur?
When the electrons present in approaching ligands cause the electrons in the orbital lying along the axes to be repelled.
What are heterogenous catalysts?
Catalysts which are in a different state to the reactants
Explain heterogeneous catalysts.
The presence of unpaired d electrons or infilled d orbitals is thought to allow activated complexes to form. This can provide reaction pathways with lower activation energies compared to the uncatalysed reaction.
What are homogeneous catalysts?
Catalysts in the same state as the reactants.
