transition metals colours Flashcards
[Cu(H2O)6]2+
pale blue
Cu(OH)2 (s)
pale blue precipitate
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+
dark blue
CuCl4 2-
yellow
Cu+
white precipitate
Cu2+/Cu
Brown solid (Cu) and blue solution (CuSO4)
CoCl4 2-
Blue
[Cr(H2O)6]3+
pale purple (turns green on heat)
Cr(OH)3 (s)
dark green precipitate
[Cr(NH3)6]3+
Purple
[Cr(OH)6]3-
dark green
Cr2O7 2-
orange
CrO4 2-
yellow
[Mn(H2O)6]2+
pale pink
Mn(OH)2 (s)
pale brown precipitate
[Fe(H2O)6]2+
pale green
Fe(OH)2 (s)
dark green precipitate
[Fe(H2O)6]3+
yellow
Fe(OH)3 (s)
Orange/brown precipitate
ligand
molecule or ion which donates a pair of electrons to the central metal ion to form a coordinate bond
complex ion
transition metal ion bonded to one or more ligands by coordinate bonds
coordination number
total number of coordinate bonds formed between a central metal ion and its ligands
monodentate ligand
ligand donates just one pair of electrons to the central metal ion to form one coordinate bond
bidentate ligand
ligand can donate two lone pairs of electrons to the central metal ion to form two coordinate bonds
[Cu(H2O)6 ]2+(aq) + 4NH3(aq)
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ (aq) + 4H2O (l)
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + 4Cl-
[CuCl4]2- (aq) + 6H2O (l)
[Cr(H2O)6]3+ + 6NH3(aq)
[Cr(NH3)6]3+(aq) + 6H2O(l)
[Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4Cl-(aq)
[CoCl4]2-(aq) + 6H2O(l)
Cu2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq)
Cu(OH)2 (s)
Fe2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
Fe(OH)2 (s)
Fe(OH)2(s) in air
Fe(OH)3(s)
Fe3+(aq) + 3OH- (aq)
Fe(OH)3 (s)
Mn2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
Mn(OH)2 (s)
