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A2 Chemistry Unit 2 > Transition Metals > Flashcards

Transition Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of a transition metal

A

An element which forms at least one stable ion with a partially filled d subshell

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2
Q

What is a complex

A

A central atom or ion with ligands bonded by coordinate bonds

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3
Q

What is a ligand

A

An ion or molecule with a lone pair of electrons which forms a coordinate bond with a central metal atom or ion in a complex

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4
Q

What is a coordination number

A

The number of coordinate bonds to a central metal atom or ion in a complex

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5
Q

What is a monodentate ligand

A

A ligand which uses only one lone pair of electrons to form a coordinate bond with a central metal atom or ion

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6
Q

What is a polydentate ligand

A

A ligand which uses many lone pairs of electrons to form more than two coordinate bonds with a central metal atom or ion in a complex

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7
Q

What is the definition of a bidentate ligand

A

A ligand which uses two lone pairs of electrons to form two coordinate bonds with a central metal atom or ion in a complex

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8
Q

What are the properties of transition metals

A 
Hard
High mp
High density
Form complexes
Form coloured aqua
Compounds with varying oxidation states
Metal + ion acts as catalyst
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9
Q

Describe the increase in IE across transition series

A
  • 3d lower in energy than 4s
  • transition metal formed by addition of electron to inner 3d
  • electron added to inner shell means better shielding of outer 4s electrons from the increased positive nuclear charge
  • atomic radius shows only a small decrease
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10
Q

What is the general formula of a complex

A

See notes

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11
Q

What is the charge of the complex if the ligand is neutral

A

The charge = the O.N of the metal

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12
Q

What is the charge if the ligand is anionic

A

ON of metal + (no. Of ligands x charge of ligand)

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13
Q

What does the chelate effect mean

A

Increase in entropy means replacement will happen

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14
Q

What is the order of stability in ligands

A

H2O < Cl4 < NH3 < en < edta

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15
Q

Name the four ions that are green

A

Cr^3+
V^3+
Fe^2+
Ni^2+

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16
Q

What are the two yellow metal ions

A

Chromate (VI) ➡️ CrO4^2-

V(V) ➡️ VO2^+

17
Q

What are the two pink metal ions

A

Mn^2+

Co^2+

18
Q

What are the two blue metal ions

A

Cu^2+

V(IV) (VO^2+)

19
Q

What is the violet metal ion

A

V^2+

20
Q

What are the two orange metal ions

A

Dichromate (VI) ➡️ Cr2O7^2+

Fe^3+

21
Q

What is the colour change when zinc reduces ammonium vanadate (V) in conc HCl

A

Yellow ➡️ blue ➡️ green ➡️ violet

22
Q

Draw the structure of edta

A

See notes

23
Q

Draw the structure of en

A

See notes

24
Q

Describe the strength of the en ligand

A 
Two N containing lone pairs
Alkyl group pushes e away
Small amount of extra negative charge on N
Makes lone pair more available
Stronger ligand
25
Q

Describe the strength of the phenylamine ligand

A

Weaker in strength
Lack of intense charge around N
Need to break some delocalisation

26
Q

What colour is the precipitate of (Cr(H2O)6)^3+ and what colour is it in NaOH and NH3

A

Blue green
Green (Cr(OH)6)^3- (aq)
Not soluble so stays same as start

27
Q

What colour is the precipitate of (Mn(H2O)6)^2+ and what colour is it in NaOH and NH3

A

White which darkens to brown/black on standing
Not soluble
Not soluble

28
Q

What colour is the precipitate of (Fe(H2O)6)^2+ and what colour is it in NaOH and NH3

A

Green
Not soluble
Not soluble

29
Q

What colour is the precipitate of (Fe(H2O)6)^3+ and what colour is it in NaOH and NH3

A

Brown
Not soluble
Not soluble

30
Q

What colour is the precipitate of (Co(H2O)6)^2+ and what colour is it in NaOH and NH3

A

Blue
Not soluble
Yellow (changes to brown on standing) (Co(NH3)6)^2+ (aq)

31
Q

What colour is the precipitate of (Ni(H2O)6)^2+ and what colour is it in NaOH and NH3

A

Green
Not soluble
Blue (Ni(NH3)6)^2+ (aq)

32
Q

What colour is the precipitate of (Cu(H2O)6)^2+ and what colour is it in NaOH and NH3

A

Blue
Soluble
Deep/dark blue (Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2)^2+ (aq)

A2 Chemistry Unit 2 (12 decks)

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