Medicinal Chemistry Flashcards
What is the acid mantle
Think protective layer on surface of skin
What is the function of the acid mantle (5)
Protect skin Barrier to viruses and bacteria Skin healthy glow Desquamation (shed skin cells) Prevent water leaving skin surface
What are factors that affect skin pH (6)
Stress Pollutants Dust UV radiation Hormone changes Harsh cleaning products
What causes warts
HPV ➡️ excessive keratin on top layer of skin
Keratin is a hard protein and extra produces a wart
How are warts removed
Corrosive chemicals
They destroy living tissue in the wart and in the area around it
Draw the structure and give the systematic name of Salic acid
See notes
What effect does the Cl atom have in chloroethanoic acid
Cl draws electrons towards it as it is electronegative
This pulls the electrons towards the O in the O-H bond
The H is now more positive and exposed
Thus making it a stronger acid
What effect does an alkyl group have on an acid
It pushes electrons away
So pushed the electrons towards the H of the O-H bond
Weaker acid
Which ion is know for it’s antimicrobial properties
Ag+
Silver (I) ion
What substance used to be used to treat eye disease and why
Silver (I) nitrate
It’s antimicrobial properties
How many coordinate bonds can the Fe^2+ ion form
6
Describe the haemoglobin molecule
Fe^2+ ion surrounded by porphyrin ring Forms 6 coordinate bonds 4 with N of haem 1 with the protein globin 1 with oxygen
Describe conformational change
Haemoglobin binds with more oxygen at different sites
Describe the effect of carbon monoxide on haemoglobin
It binds irreversibly to the Fe^2+
As it is more stable than the complex with oxygen
This prevents the blood from carrying oxygen
Causing death
Write the equation for the reaction of Ca^2+ and edta
See notes
Draw the edta ion
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What is the definition of sequestering
Formation of a complex so that an ion is no longer available for reactions
How can edta be used in blood banks
Edta forms highly stable complex with Ca^2+
Ca^2+ involved in several steps in blood clotting
Removal of Ca^2+ by sequestering them means they are no longer available for blood clotting
Prevents the stored blood from clotting
Draw cisplatin and transplatin, which one is the anti cancer drug
See notes
Cisplatin
How does cisplatin work
Reacts with water ➡️ chloro ligand substituted for water ligand
Then either of these two:
1. N in guanine binds to Pt and displaces the water ligand
Or
2. H on ammonia ligand on cisplatin H binds to N or O of guanine
Either inhibits DNA replication and causes the death of the cell
What is the definition of DNA replication
Process by which a double stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce 2 identical DNA molecules
What is the risk of anti cancer drugs and how can this be prevented
That they may damage normal cells
To reduce the chances of this it is given in short bursts
What can some side effects of anticancer drugs
Lose hair
Temporary/permanent sterility
What causes indigestion
Excess HCl in the stomach
What are the remedies called for indigestion and how do they work
Give examples
Antacids Neutralise excess acid Metal carbonates Hydrogencarbonates Hydroxides
How can you test the purity and identity of a drug
TLC
Then further analysis with GLC-MS
What is GLC-MS
A gas liquid chromatograph attached to a mass spectrometer
How does GLC-MS work
GLC- separates drug components
Mass spec - analyse components and compare them to database of known compounds to identify
