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A2 Chemistry Unit 2 > Medicinal Chemistry > Flashcards

Medicinal Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the acid mantle

A

Think protective layer on surface of skin

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2
Q

What is the function of the acid mantle (5)

A 
Protect skin
Barrier to viruses and bacteria
Skin healthy glow
Desquamation (shed skin cells)
Prevent water leaving skin surface
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3
Q

What are factors that affect skin pH (6)

A 
Stress
Pollutants
Dust
UV radiation
Hormone changes
Harsh cleaning products
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4
Q

What causes warts

A

HPV ➡️ excessive keratin on top layer of skin

Keratin is a hard protein and extra produces a wart

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5
Q

How are warts removed

A

Corrosive chemicals

They destroy living tissue in the wart and in the area around it

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6
Q

Draw the structure and give the systematic name of Salic acid

A

See notes

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7
Q

What effect does the Cl atom have in chloroethanoic acid

A

Cl draws electrons towards it as it is electronegative
This pulls the electrons towards the O in the O-H bond
The H is now more positive and exposed
Thus making it a stronger acid

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8
Q

What effect does an alkyl group have on an acid

A

It pushes electrons away
So pushed the electrons towards the H of the O-H bond
Weaker acid

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9
Q

Which ion is know for it’s antimicrobial properties

A

Ag+

Silver (I) ion

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10
Q

What substance used to be used to treat eye disease and why

A

Silver (I) nitrate

It’s antimicrobial properties

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11
Q

How many coordinate bonds can the Fe^2+ ion form

A

6

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12
Q

Describe the haemoglobin molecule

A 
Fe^2+ ion surrounded by porphyrin ring
Forms 6 coordinate bonds 
4 with N of haem
1 with the protein globin
1 with oxygen
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13
Q

Describe conformational change

A

Haemoglobin binds with more oxygen at different sites

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14
Q

Describe the effect of carbon monoxide on haemoglobin

A

It binds irreversibly to the Fe^2+
As it is more stable than the complex with oxygen
This prevents the blood from carrying oxygen
Causing death

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15
Q

Write the equation for the reaction of Ca^2+ and edta

A

See notes

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16
Q

Draw the edta ion

A

See notes

17
Q

What is the definition of sequestering

A

Formation of a complex so that an ion is no longer available for reactions

18
Q

How can edta be used in blood banks

A

Edta forms highly stable complex with Ca^2+
Ca^2+ involved in several steps in blood clotting
Removal of Ca^2+ by sequestering them means they are no longer available for blood clotting
Prevents the stored blood from clotting

19
Q

Draw cisplatin and transplatin, which one is the anti cancer drug

A

See notes

Cisplatin

20
Q

How does cisplatin work

A

Reacts with water ➡️ chloro ligand substituted for water ligand

Then either of these two:
1. N in guanine binds to Pt and displaces the water ligand
Or
2. H on ammonia ligand on cisplatin H binds to N or O of guanine

Either inhibits DNA replication and causes the death of the cell

21
Q

What is the definition of DNA replication

A

Process by which a double stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce 2 identical DNA molecules

22
Q

What is the risk of anti cancer drugs and how can this be prevented

A

That they may damage normal cells

To reduce the chances of this it is given in short bursts

23
Q

What can some side effects of anticancer drugs

A

Lose hair

Temporary/permanent sterility

24
Q

What causes indigestion

A

Excess HCl in the stomach

25
Q

What are the remedies called for indigestion and how do they work
Give examples

A 
Antacids
Neutralise excess acid
Metal carbonates
Hydrogencarbonates
Hydroxides
26
Q

How can you test the purity and identity of a drug

A

TLC

Then further analysis with GLC-MS

27
Q

What is GLC-MS

A

A gas liquid chromatograph attached to a mass spectrometer

28
Q

How does GLC-MS work

A

GLC- separates drug components

Mass spec - analyse components and compare them to database of known compounds to identify

A2 Chemistry Unit 2 (12 decks)

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