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CHEMISTRY > Transition Metals > Flashcards

Transition Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

What colour is the [Cu(H2O)6]2+ complex?

A

Blue

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2
Q

What happens if you add a small amount of methylamine solution to the [Cu(H2O6]2+ complex?

A
  • Pale blue precipitate
  • Amine acts as a Bronsted-Lowry base and removes two H+ ions from the complex
  • this forms copper hydroxide, [Cu(H20)4(OH)2], which is insoluble
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3
Q

What happens if you add more methylamine solution to the [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] complex?

A
  • Deep blue solution
  • Ligands are replaced by methylamine molecules which donate their lone pairs to form dative covalent bonds with the Cu2+ ion
  • this forms [Cu(CH3NH2)4(H2O)2]2+ complex which is soluble
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4
Q

What is a complex ion?

A

A species containing a central metal ion surrounded by ligands bonded to it by dative bonds

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5
Q

The ethanedioate ion, C2O42-, can act as a ligand. With the help of a displayed formula, explain why the ethanedioate ion is a bidentate ligand

A

-OOCCOO-

The ethanedioate ion has two pairs of lone electrons to donate to form two dative covalent bonds

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6
Q

Explain why EDTA4- may be described as a multidentate ligand

A

-Six lone pairs of electrons able to form dative covalent bonds

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7
Q

The complex, cis-platin, is used in cancer treatment. Explain why it is supplied as a single isomer and not as a mixture in the trans form?

A
  • Trans is less effective at treating cancer than cis
  • Trans is more toxic than cis
  • This reduces the chances of side effects
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8
Q

What is it called when electrons change from one energy level to another?

A

Electron transition

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9
Q

Explain why the hexaaquacopper(II) complex ion, [Cu(H2O)6]2+, is blue

A
  • Water ligands split the d-orbitals energies

- d-d electron transitions absorb all light except blue light

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10
Q

What happens in terms of electrons when a ligand bonds with a transition metal ion?

A
  • Electrons in the ligand and metal d-orbitals repel each other
  • This causes the energy levels of the d-orbitals to increase and form slightly different energy levels
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11
Q

Octahedral complexes’ d-orbitals split to produce…

A

Two d-orbitals at a higher energy level

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12
Q

Tetrahedral complexes’ d-orbitals split to produce…

A

-Three d-orbitals at a higher energy level

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13
Q

What affects the colour of complex ions?

A
  • The amount of splitting of d-orbitals energy levels by ligands
  • The energy level difference between d-orbitals
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14
Q

How can carbon monoxide damage health?

A
  • CO can act as a ligand
  • It binds to haemoglobin more strongly than oxygen does
  • It is a non-reversible reaction
  • Haemoglobin can no longer transport oxygen
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15
Q

What is the ligand exchange when oxyhaemoglobin reacts with CO?

A

Oxyhaemoglobin + CO –> Carboxyhemoglobin

                                                                  \+O2
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16
Q

Suggest why the [Cr(H2O)6]2+ ion is sky blue but the [Cr(H2O)6]3+ ion is violet

A
  • Central metal ion have different oxidation numbers

- So different levels of the d-orbitals are split by different amounts

17
Q

Suggest why Carboxyhemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin are different colours

A
  • Different ligands

- So energy levels of d-orbitals are split by different amounts

18
Q

What are transition elements?

A
  • d-block elements that can form stable ion with incompletely filled d-orbitals
19
Q

Explain why the methane molecule cannot act as a ligand

A
  • No lone pairs of electrons

- Ligands need a lone pair

20
Q

State why solutions containing Al3+(aq) ions are colourless

A

-No electrons in 3d orbitals that could absorb light from the EM spectrum

21
Q

A complex forms between nickel (II) ions and chloride ions. Predict it’s shape, name and formula

A
  • Tetrahedral (Cl- ions bigger than most ligands)
  • Tetrachloronickelate (II)
  • [Ni(Cl)4]2-
22
Q

Problem with trans-platin for treating cancer

A
  • Less effective than cis

- More toxic than cis

23
Q

Name the ‘en’ ligand

A

1,2-diaminoethane

24
Q

What is the structural formula for the ‘en’ ligand?

A

H2NCH2CH2NH2

25
Q

What does it mean when a complex is ‘stable’?

A

It does not decompose readily

26
Q

The water molecule contains three atoms and has two lone pairs of electrons. Explain why it can only act as a monodentate ligand and not as a bidentate

A
  • Two lone pairs are on the same atom of oxygen

- Hydrogen atoms have no lone pairs

CHEMISTRY (18 decks)

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