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CHEMISTRY > Group 2 > Flashcards

Group 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What block do the group 2 elements exist in?

A

S-block

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2
Q

Physical properties of Group 2 metals

A

Atomic radius increases down the group

Ionic size increases down the group

Melting points decrease down the group

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3
Q

Chemical properties of Group 2 metals

A

Undergo redox reactions to form 2+ ions

Reactivity increases down the group

Ionisation energies decrease down the group

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4
Q

What is the relationship in terms of atomic radi between positively charged ions and atoms?

A

Smaller atomic radius in positivity charged ions

Nuclear charge exceeds the electronic charge

Electrons are pulled closer to nucleus

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5
Q

Why do melting points decrease down the group?

A

Metallic bonding gets weaker due to increased size and density

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6
Q

How do the ionisation energies of group 2 compare with group 1?

A

Higher due to there being more electrons to remove in a energy level

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7
Q

What is the trend, going down the group, when group 2 metals react with oxygen?

A

React with increasing vigour down the group

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8
Q

Equation for the reaction of Mg with O2 including state symbols

A

2Mg(s) + O2(g) –> 2MgO(s)

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9
Q

Ionic equations for the reaction of Mg with O2

A

Mg –> Mg2+ + 2e-

O + 2e- –> O2-

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10
Q

Trend, going down the group, of the reaction of group 2 metals with water

A

React with increasing vigour

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11
Q

Describe the reaction of Mg with cold water

A

Very slow

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12
Q

Give the equation of the reaction of Mg with cold water

A

Mg(s) + 2H20(l) –> Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

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13
Q

Give the equation of the reaction of Mg with steam

A

Mg(s) + H20(g) –> MgO(s) + H2(g)

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14
Q

Trend, going down the group, of the reaction of group 2 metals with dilute acid

A

React with increasing vigour down the group

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15
Q

What is produced when a group 2 metal reacts with an acid? Give an example

A

Salt + Hydrogen

Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq) –> MgSO4(aq) +H2(g)

Ca(s) + 2HCl(aq) –> CaCl2(aq) + H2

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16
Q

Compare the reaction of group 2 metal with water and group 2 metal with dilute acid

A

Reactions more vigorous with dilute acid

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17
Q

Ionic equation of Mg with acid

A

Mg(s) + 2H+(aq) –> Mg2+(aq) + H2(g)

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18
Q

What type of solids do group 2 oxides form?

A

Ionic

except for beryllium which has covalent character

19
Q

Trend in solubility of group 2 hydroxides

A

Solubility increases down the group

20
Q

Give the equation for the reaction of calcium oxide with water

A

CaO(s) + H20(l) –> Ca(OH)2(s)

21
Q

What is the trend in basic strength down Group 2? Explain the trend

A

Basic strength increases due to the solubility of the hydroxides increasing

22
Q

What is the trend, going down the group, of charge density of group 2 metal ions?

A

As metal ions get larger, charge density decreases

23
Q

Use of Ca(OH)2

A

Farming:

Neutralises acidic soils

24
Q

Use of Mg(OH)2

A

Used in toothpaste and indigestion tablets as an antiacid

25
Q

What are Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 an example of?

A

Weak alkalis

26
Q

Trend in the ease of decomposition of Group 2 carbonates going down the group

A

Decomposition becomes harder as you move down the group

27
Q

Properties of Group 2 carbonates

A

Insoluble in water

Undergo thermal decomposition to produce an oxide and CO2

28
Q

Give an equation showing the decomposition of a group 2 carbonate

A

MgCO3(s) –> MgO(s) + CO2(g)

29
Q

Trend in solubility of group 2 sulfates going down the group

A

Decreases

30
Q

What is the appearance of group 2 sulfates?

A

White, crystalline solids

31
Q

Why does solubility of group 2 sulfates decrease down the group?

A

Little change in lattice energy

Cation gets larger so hydration enthalpy gets smaller

A larger cation has a lower charge density so is less attracted to water molecules

32
Q

Describe the test for sulfates

A

Add dilute HCl to a sample of group 2 sulfate

Add a few drops of barium chloride solution

White precipitate of barium sulfate will appear if it is a sulfate

33
Q

Why is acid added in the test for sulfates?

A

To prevent precipitation of other insoluble ions such as carbonate

34
Q

Describe the appearance of the group 2 metals

A

Bright, silvery solids

35
Q

Why do group 2 metals sometimes appear dull?

A
  • A slow reaction happens between the metal and oxygen in the air
  • This forms a surface coating of oxide which gives the dull colour
  • It also prevents further reaction
36
Q

Give the equation for the reaction between calcium and oxygen

A

2Ca(s) + O2(g) –> 2CaO(s)

37
Q

Give the equation for the reaction of barium with chlorine

A

Ba(s) + Cl2(g) –> BaCl2(s)

38
Q

How does milk of magnesia work?

Give the equation

A
  • Contains a saturated solution of magnesium hydroxide with extra solid magnesium hydroxide
  • This acts as an antiacid that neutralises excess stomach acid

Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl –> MgCl2 + 2H2O

39
Q

Why do the hydroxide ions in milk of magnesia pose no risk to health?

A

-Low solubility of magnesium hydroxide means the concentration of OH- ions is very low

40
Q

Give the equation for the reaction between calcium oxide and nitric acid

What type of reaction is it?

What observations can you make?

A

CaO + 2HNO3 –> Ca(NO3)2 + H2O

Neutralisation reaction

White solid goes to colourless solution

41
Q

Give the equation for the reaction of calcium hydroxide with nitric acid

A

Ca(OH)2 + 2HNO3 –> Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O

42
Q

What are basic oxides?

A

Oxides of metals that react with water to form metal hydroxides and with acids to form salts and water

43
Q

Give the equation in which limewater becomes cloudy

A

CO2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) –> CaCO3(s) + H20(l)

CHEMISTRY (18 decks)

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