Transition metals

Question 1

Transition metal

Answer 1

1. d block element
2. forms one or more ion with an incomplete d sub-shell

Question 2

Transition metal ions

Answer 2

1. loses electrons from 4S sub-shell
2. 3d electrons repel 4S electrons to higher energy level
   3.

Question 3

Chromium electronic configuration

Answer 3

[Ar]4s13d5

Question 4

Copper electronic configuration

Answer 4

[Ar]4s13d10

Question 5

Transition metal properties

Answer 5

1. form coloured compounds in more than one oxidation state
2. form coloured compounds
3. act as catalysts
4. form various complex ions
5. high melting and boiling point

Question 6

Various oxidation states

Answer 6

1. lose 4S electrons- all form ion 2+
2. similair atomic radius and ionisation energies

Question 7

Heterogenous catalysts

Answer 7

1. use d orbitals to adsorb molecules
2. can be toxic
3. reduce energy for industrial processes

Question 8

Examples of catalysts

Answer 8

1. iron in Haber process
2. aqeous Cu2+ for zinc with acids
3. MnO2 for decomposition of H2O2

Question 9

Ligand

Answer 9

1. molecule or ion
2. at least one lone pair of electrons
3. bonds to central metal ion by dative co-ordinate bond

Question 10

Co-ordinate bond

Answer 10

1. dative covalent
2. between ligand and central metal ion

Question 11

Complex ion

Answer 11

ion with multiple molecules/anion bound to central metal ion by co-ordinate bonds

Question 12

Co-ordination number

Answer 12

number or co-ordinate bonds to central metal ion from surrounding ligands

Question 13

Co-ordination number 6

Answer 13

octahedral
90°

Question 14

Co-ordination number 4 with same ligand

Answer 14

tetrahedral
109.5°

Question 15

Co-ordination number 4 with different ligands

Answer 15

square planar
90°

Question 16

Co-ordination number 2

Answer 16

Linear
180°

Question 17

Monodentate ligands

Answer 17

H2O
NH3
Cl-
OH-
CN-

Question 18

Bidentate ligands

Answer 18

-OOCCOO-
-H2NCH2CH2NH2-

Question 19

Optical isomerism

Answer 19

1. bidentate ligands
2. octahedral

Question 20

E/Z isomers square planar [MX2Y2)

Answer 20

1. E- same vertical side
2. Z- diagonal sides

Question 21

E/Z isomers octahedral [M(X)2(Y)4]

Answer 21

1. Z- X is 90° (top and triangle block)
2. E- X is 180° (top and bottom)

Question 22

Cis-platin advantage

Answer 22

1. chemotherapy
2. binds to DNA of cancerous cells
3. prevents division

Question 23

Cis-platin disadvantage

Answer 23

1. unpleasant side-effects
2. trans-platin is ineffective

Question 24

Haemoglobin

Answer 24

1. Fe2+ metal complex ion
2. ligand substitution- nitrogen with oxygen
3. transported round the blood
4. also substituted with CO