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CHEMISTRY > Transition Metals > Flashcards

Transition Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Give the definition of a transition metal

A

a metal which forms at least one stable ion with a partially filled d sub-shell

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2
Q

List the properties/features of transition metals

A
  1. Form complexes
  2. Form coloured ions
  3. Act as catalysts/ have catalytic properties
  4. Variable oxidation states
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3
Q

Define ‘co-ordinate bond’

A

Shared pair of electrons which have both come from the same atom

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4
Q

Define ‘Ligand’

A

ion or molecule with a lone pair of electrons that can form a co-ordinate bond with a transition metal

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5
Q

Define ‘Bidentate ligand’

A

Compound that has 2 separate atoms that each donate 2 electron pairs to the central position ion in a complex

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6
Q

Define ‘coordination number’

A

Number of coordinate bonds a transition metal ion forms

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7
Q

Define ‘complex ion’

A

A central atom or ion surrounded by ligands, linked by coordinate bods

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8
Q

What are monodentate ligands

A

each ligand forms 1 coordinate bond

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9
Q

what are bidentate ligands

A

each ligand forms 2 coordinate bonds

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10
Q

what are multidentate ligands

A

each ligand forms more than 2 coordinate bonds

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11
Q

Name 4 monodentate ligands

A

water - H2O
Ammonia - NH3
Chloride - Cl-
Cyanide - CN-

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12
Q

Name 2 bidentate ligands

A

1,2-diaminoethane - H2NCH2CH2NH2
Ethanedioate ion - C2O4^2-

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13
Q

What four shapes do transition metal complexes form?

A

Octahedral
Tetrahedral
Square Planar
Linear

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14
Q

give the shape of [Cu(H2O)6]^2+

A

octahedral

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15
Q

give the shape of [Pt(NH3)2(Cl)2]

A

Square planar

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16
Q

Give the shape of [Ag(NH3)2]+

A

linear

17
Q

What is the only transition metal that can form a linear complex?

A

Silver (Ag)

18
Q

Give the structural formula of a Copper (II) Hexa Aqua Ion

A

[Cu(H2O)6]^2+

19
Q

Give the structural formula of a Cobalt (II) Chloride ion

A

[CoCl4]^2-

20
Q

Give the structural formula of a Nickel (II) Tetra Cyano Ion

A

[Ni(CN)4]^2-

21
Q

Give the structural formula for Silver (I) Ammonia Ion

A

[Ag(NH3)2]+

22
Q

How many coordinate bonds does EDTA^4- form, and where does each one come from?

A

6
2 bonds from the N atoms, 4 bonds from the O- atoms

23
Q

What shape does an EDTA4- Ligand occupy, when it coordinates to a transition metal?

A

octahedral

24
Q

Define ‘stereoisomers’

A

same structural formula
different arrangement of atoms in space

25
Q

If two of the same ligands are arranged opposite one another this shows ________ isomerism

A

trans

26
Q

If two of the same ligands are arranged next to each other this shows ________ isomerism

A

cis

27
Q

Which kind of complexes show optical isomerism?

A

complexes with AT LEAST TWO bidentate ligands
Structure has to be CIS

28
Q

Give the structural formula of Cisplatin

A

Cis [PtCl2(NH3)2]

29
Q

Give a use for cisplatin

A

binds to DNA in cancer cells and stops cell replication

30
Q

What is a ligand substitution reaction?

A

Occurs when the ligand attached to a transition metal is replaces by an alternative ligand

31
Q

Why do chloro complexes tend to be tetrahedral?

A

Chloride ligand is too big to fit any more than 4 Cl- ligands around the metal ion

32
Q

What is the chelate effect?

A

When a monodentate ligand is substituted by a bidentate or multidentae ligand, resulting in an increase in entropy/disorder

33
Q

[Cu(NH3)6]2+ + 2H2NCH2CH2NH2 –> [Cu(H2NCH2CH2NH2)3]2+ + 6H2O

Explain why this reaction is feasible

A

Enthalpy change is 0
Because the same number of Cu-N bonds are broken and formed

4 molecules produce 7 molecules
Increase in disorder
Large increase in entropy

Gibbs free energy will be negative

34
Q

How does O2 travel through the blood?

A

O2 forms a coordinate bond to Fe2+ in haemoglobin enabling oxygen to be transported in the blood

35
Q

Why is CO toxic?

A

CO bonds more strongly to the Fe2+ in haemoglobin
This prevents O2 from bonding to the Fe2+, causing suffocation
Haemoglobin can no longer transport oxygen around the body

CHEMISTRY (8 decks)

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