transition metals Flashcards
why do transition metals characteristics arise
they arise due to an incomplete d sub level in atoms or ions
what happens when a transition metal ion forms
electron in the 4s sub shell is lost before the 3d sub shell
what are the characteristics of a transition metal
- complex formations
- formation of coloured ions
- variable oxidation states
- catalytic activity
why is Zn (zinc) not a transition metal
Zn can only form a +2 ion
In this ion Zn2+ has a COMPLETE D ORBITAL and so does not meet the criteria of having a INCOMPLETE d orbital in one of its compounds
what is a complex
it is a central metal or ion that is surrounded by LIGANDS
what is a LIGAND
it is an atom, ion or molecule which donates a lone electron pair
what type of bonding is involved in forming a complex formation
co-ordinate bonding is involved in complex formation
what is co-ordinate bonding
it is bonding when the shared pair of electrons om the covalent bond comes from only one of the bonding atoms
what is a co-ordination number
it is the number of co-ordinate bonds formed to a central metal ion
what are the different types of ligands
ligands can be:
- monodente
- bidente
- multidente
what is a mondente ligand
it is a ligand that can form on coordinate bond
what is a bidente ligand
it is a ligand that has two atoms with lone pairs and can form two coordinate bonds per ligand
what is a multidente ligand
a ligand that can form six coordinate bonds per ligand
substitution reactions with mondente ligands
H2O, NH3 and Cl- can act as monodente ligands
The ligands NH3 and H2O are similar in SIZE and UNCHARGED
The exchange of the ligands NH3 and H2O occurs without change of coordiation number (e.g.Co2+ and Cu2+)
[Co(H2O)6
]2+
(aq) + 6NH3 (aq) [Co(NH3)6]2+(aq) + 6H2O (l)
