transition metals Flashcards
4 main charactics of tm
form complex ions with ligands
form coloured complexes
varaible oxidation states
show cataltic activity
def of tm
are elements that form one or more stable ions with a partially filled d sub shell
what metals are not tm metals
scanduim and zinc
ligand def
a speicies with a lone pair of electrons that form a cordant bond with a tm
what is a monodenate ligand
forms one cordant bond per speicies
give an exsample of mondentate ligands
cl, h20, NH3, CN
give an exsample of a multidentate ligand
EDTA4-
give an exsample of a bidentate ligand
ethane 1-2diameme
what is a cis isomers in monodentate
on the same side of the molelucle
trans isomerism
An ion directly separtes them(opposite sides)
where does optical isomerism occur
occurs in bidenate ligands
opticla isomerisms are
non sumposable
what factors effects delta E
oxidation state
co-ordination number
type of ligand
why do transition metals show colour
d orirtals have the same energry level
when ligands attach the d orbitals split forming delta E
Certain frequencies of visible light cause the promotion of an exiceted electron to a higher energry
from lower higher energry level
AS IT DOES THIS SOME OF THE FREQUENICIES OF VISIBLE LIGHT ARE ABSORBED .
REST IS REFLECTED CREATIG COLOUR
why is their colour in tm
they have partailly fill d subshells
why does scanduim not show any colour
does not have a partially filled d subshell
what happens to oxidation states along a period
no.of stable oxidation states increase towards the middle of the period(on both sides)
low oxidation state
reducing agents(2 to 5 ) tend to get higher oxidation states the more they are reduced
high oxidation state
tend to be reducing agent( and the oxidation number gets lower)
when are tm metals best reduced
tm are more likely to be to be reduced in Acidic condtions
what are the two factors effecting redox potiental
ligand type
ph
hetrogenouse catalyst
is in a differt phase than the reaction
Haber proccess(production of amonnmia)
N2 +3H2 = 2NH3 (fe used as catalyst)
contact proccess for making sulfric acid
2S02 +02 =. 2S03 (v205 used as catalyst)
to increase the the effecinecy
increase the surface area support meduims( to spread catalyst over a large areas)
poising in haber proccess
sulfur can react with iron to form iron sulfide
can be found in the reactions due to sulfur impurites in methane
how does posining work
impurites bind to the catlayst surface stopping reactants from being absorbed
2 eqautions in contact proccess
S02 + V205 = S03 + V204
2V204 + 02 = 2V205
phrase for rembering the colours of vanduim
Your Bump goes violet
order in which vanduim is goes in
v02+ v0+2 V3+ V2+
