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Chemistry > Transition Elements > Flashcards

Transition Elements Flashcards

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1
Q

Fe 2+ with NaOH

A

Fe(OH)2

Pale green to dark green ppt

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2
Q

Fe 3+ with NaOH

A

Fe(OH)3

Pale yellow to brown ppt

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3
Q

Mn 2+ with NaOH

A

Mn(OH)2

Pink to pale brown ppt

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4
Q

Cu 2+ with NaOH

A

Cu(OH)2

Pale blue to blue ppt

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5
Q

Cr 3+ (aq) with excess NaOH (2 step)

A

Cr(OH)3
Cr(OH)6
Violet soloution to grey green ppt to dark green soloution

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6
Q

Cr3+ with excess NH3 (2 step)

A

Cr(OH)3
Cr(NH3)6
Violet soloution to grey green ppt to purple soloution

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7
Q

Cu2+ with excess NH3 (2 step)

A

Cu(OH)2
Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2
Pale blue soloution to blue ppt to dark blue soloution

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8
Q

Cu2+ with Cl ions

A

Cu(Cl)4
Pale blue soloution to yellow soloution
(Mixture is green)

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9
Q

Cr2+

A

Pale blue

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10
Q

KCr(SO4)2 dissolved in water

A

Cr(H20)6

Violet

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11
Q

What is a dblock element?

A

Highest energy electrons In d orbitals

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12
Q

List some properties of transition metals?

A

Metallic, high mp and no , shiny ,conductive

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13
Q

How and why do chromium and coppers electron configuration differ to other transition metals?

A

They don’t pair in the 4s orbital as having a half filled d5 sub shell or filled d10 sub shell increases the stability of the atoms

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14
Q

When is the 4s orbital filled and empties in d-block ions

A

Filled first, emptied first

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15
Q

Definition for transition metals

A

D block elements that form at least one ion with a partially filled d subshell

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16
Q

Why are Scandium and zinc not classified as transition metals

A

The only ions they form don’t have partially filled d sub shell

  • Sc^3+
  • Zn^2+
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17
Q

List 3 properties of transition metal compounds

A
  • Form compounds in which transition metal has different oxidation states
  • coloured compounds
  • act as catalysts
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18
Q

What oxidation number can all the transition elements have ?

A

2+

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19
Q

What colour is K2Cr2O7

A

Orange

20
Q

Give 3 examples of Transition metals acting as catalysts in industry?

A
  • Iron in the Haber process (ammonia production)
  • V2O5 in the contact process (SO3 production)
  • Nickel in hydrogenation of vegetable fat for margarine
21
Q

What is a heterogeneous catalyst

A

Catalyst in a different state to reactants

22
Q

What is a homogeneous catalyst

A

Catalyst in the same state as the reactants

23
Q

What is a complex ion

A

One or more ligands bonded with dative covalent bonds to a central metal ion

24
Q

What is a ligand

A

A molecule or ion that donates a pair of electrons to a central metal ion to form a dative covalent bond/ coordinate bond

25
Q

What is coordination number

A

Number of coordinate bonds attached to central metal ion

26
Q

What is a monodente ligand

A

Ligand that donates one pair of e to a central metal ion

27
Q

3 Examples of monodente ligands?

A

Eg: H2O: , :NH3 , :Cl- , :CN- , :OH-

28
Q

What is a Bixente ligand?

A

Donate two lone pairs of e to central metal ion

29
Q

What are the two common bidente ligands

A 
1,2-diaminoethane (shortened to en)
Ethanediote ion (COO)2
30
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of a complex ion with coordination number 6?

A

Octahedral , 90*

31
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of most complex ions with four coordinate bonds?

A

Tetrahedral 109.5*

32
Q

Give two examples of a tetrahedral ion

A

CoCl4 , CuCl4 (both have 2 minus charge)

33
Q

What is the shape and bond angle for a complex ion with 4 coordinate bonds that nit tetrahedral ?

A

Square planar , 90*

34
Q

When do square planar complexes occur , give an example

A

Transition metals ions with eight electrons in highest energy d sub shell so pd,Pt, Au
Eg [Pt(NH3)4]^2+

35
Q

What colour is [Cu(H20)6]^2+

A

Pale blue

36
Q

What does Cu^2+(aq) + NH3 make?

A

Cu(OH)2(s)

Pale blue to pale blue ppt

37
Q

What happens when Cu^2+ is reduced by I- ions?

A

White ppt of CuI

Brown I2

38
Q

What happens in disproportionation of Cu^+

A

Brown Cu solid and blue soloution of CuSO4

39
Q

What colour is [Cr(H20)6]^3+

A

Violet

40
Q

What happens when Cr^3+ aqueous reacts w NH3

A

Cr(OH)3(s)

Violet to Grey green ppt

41
Q

What happens when Cr^3+ reacts w hot H2O2

A

Forms CrO4^2-

Yellow

42
Q

What colour is [Mn(H2O)6]^2+

A

Pale pink

43
Q

What colour is [Fe(H20)6]^2+

A

Pale green

44
Q

What’s the colour change when MnO4^2- goes to Mn^2+

A

Purple to pale pink but so dilute it’s colourless

45
Q

What happens when I-/Fe^3+ goes to I2/Fe^2+

A

Orange brown to brown

46
Q

What colour is [Fe(H20)6]^3+

A

Yellow

Chemistry (17 decks)

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