11. Basic Concepts Of Organic Flashcards
Hydrocarbon
Compound containting hydrogen and carbon only
Saturated hydrocarbon
Hydro carbon containing single bonds only
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon Containing a carbon-carbon double/triple bond
Homologous series
Series Compunds with similar chem properties
Each member Differs by an addition of a CH2 group
Functional group
Section responsible for most chemical properties
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
The carbons atoms are joint in a straight or branched chain
Alicyclic hydrocarbons
Carbon atoms joined in a ring structure
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon involving a benzene ring
Alkynes
Contains at least one triple c-c bond
Alkyl group
Side chains attached to the main chain
Whats the prefix for alicyclic compounds
Cyclo-
What is the suffix and functional group of an Alkene
C=C ,-ene
What is the suffix and functional group of an Alcohol
-OH , -ol
What is the functional group of a Haloalkane
-Cl , -Br, -I ,
What is the suffix and functional group of an Aldehyde
-CHO , -al
What is the suffix and functional group of a Ketone
-C(CO)c- , -one
What is the suffix and functional group of a Carboxylic Acid
-COOH , -oic acid
What is the suffix and functional group of an Ester
-COOC- ,
Alcohol section goes to -yl
Carboxylic acid section goes to -oate
What is the suffix and functional group of an Acyl chloride
-COCl , -oyl chloride
What is the suffix and functional group of a primary amine
-NH2, -amine
What is the suffix and functional group of a Nitrile
-CN, -nitrile
Molecular formula
Actual Number and type of atoms of each element in a molecule
Empirical formula
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
General formula
Simplest algebraic formula for memebers of a homologousi series
Displayed formula
Shows arrangement of atoms AND bonds in a molecule
Structural formula
Shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule
Isomerism
Different compounds with same molecular formula
Structual isomerism
Same molecular formula with different structural formula
Homolytic fission
When Covalent bond breaks each bonded atom takes one of the shared pair of electrons forming radicals
Heterolytic fission
When Covalent bond breaks one of the bonded atoms takes both electrons forming oppositely charged ions
Curly arrow shows
Movements of a pair of electrons
Addition reaction
2 reactants form one product
Substitution reaction
Atoms or groups replaced by different atoms or groups
Elimination reaction
Removal of a small molecule from a larger one
