Transistors and Amplifiers Flashcards
NPN type
bipolar junction transistors
operate when the base is positive
PNP
bipolar junction transistors
operate when the base is negative
All transistors will operate when they reach
the SATURATION VOLTAGE which is 0.7V
the saturation voltage
0.7V
Transistors have two functions:
They can act as an electronic switch when the saturation voltage is achieved
They can amplify current or voltage
The current gain of the transistor is the amount by which the base current is amplified and is known by Hғᴇ
Hғᴇ = Ic/Ib
Hғᴇ = Current Gain (no unit) Ic = Collector Current (A) Ib = Base Current (A)
If asked to find weather the transistor is on or not that means calculate
Vʙᴇ
If the transistor is on assume that
Vʙᴇ = 0.7V unless stated otherwise
Voltage Amplification
A transistor can also be used to amplify voltage this can be achieved by adding a load resistor to the collector
Av = Vo/Vi
Av = Voltage Gain (no unit) Vo = Output Voltage (V) Vi = Input Voltage (V)
ONLY in voltage amplification does
Ic = Ie as current is negligible
How to protect a transistor
Putting a diode across a relay as it protects the transistor from back EMF.
If you want to drive a large load using the same power supply you must use a
Darlington Pair
Hғᴇ = Hғᴇ₁ x Hғᴇ₂
Hғᴇ = Current Gain
Darlington Pair saturation voltage is
1.4V