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VET 230 Clinical Pathology > Transfusions > Flashcards

Transfusions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the desired characteristics of a feline blood donor?

A

1-7 years old
Weighs more than 4.5 kg
Has a PCV > 35%
Good temperament and veins
No meds except for Heartworm and FleaTick preventatives
Negative for FeLV, FIV, Hemoplasma, Bartonella
Must be INDOOR ONLY

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2
Q

What are the desired characteristics of a canine blood donor?

A

1-7 years old
Weighs more than 30 kg
Has a PCV > 40%
Good temperament and veins
No meds except for Heartworm and FleaTick preventatives
Negative for HW, Babesia, Leishmania, Erlichia, Anaplasma, Neoricketsia, Brucellosis

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3
Q

Blood collection must be no more than ____ of blood volume.

A

15-20%

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4
Q

What are the benefits of using blood components instead of whole blood?

A

Matched components to patient needs.
Reduced risk because less antigens given.
Preserves valuable resources.

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5
Q

What is the preferred anticoagulant for Whole Blood?

A

CPDA Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine

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6
Q

How long is whole blood stored for and at what temperature?

A

21-35 days at 1-6° C (34-43° F)

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7
Q

What are the components of Fresh Whole Blood? When is it used?

A

RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma, coagulation factors, anticoagulant.
Used within 6 hours for acute blood loss associated with coagulopathy.

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8
Q

What are the components of Stored Whole Blood?
When is it used?

A

RBC, WBC, plasma, no functioning platelets, missing clotting factors V, VIII.
Used within 21-35 days, for acute blood loss associated with trauma, surgery.

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9
Q

When should we NOT use Whole Blood? (Contraindications)

A

Normovolemia, and signs of fluid overload.

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10
Q

When are packed Red Blood Cells used?

A

Used to increase oxygen carrying capacity in anemic (with clinical signs) normovolemic patient.

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11
Q

What are the components of plasma?
When is it used?

A

Albumin, other proteins, clotting factors, immunoglobulins.
Used for certain medical conditions (parvo, pancreatitis), and replacement of clotting factors.

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12
Q

Pre-transfusion testing of recipient (4)

A

CBC
Complete PE
Blood type
Cross match

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13
Q

Which are the most antigenic Canine Blood Types?

A

DEA 1.1, 1.2, and 7

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14
Q

What Canine Blood Type is considered an universal donor?

A

DEA 4 positive ONLY (not positive to any other DEAs)

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15
Q

What percentage of dogs in the US are DEA 1.1 and 1.2?

A

60%

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16
Q

How much does DEA 1.1 and 1.2 reduce life span of transfused RBC?

A

up to 1/2 within 10 days.

17
Q

Which is the most common Feline Blood Type in the US?

A

A, most DSH and DLH (95% of felines)

18
Q

Feline Blood Type A has strong anti-B antibodies
True or False

A

False

19
Q

Feline Blood Type B has strong anti-A antibodies
True or False

A

True

20
Q

What is neonatal isoerythrolysis?

A

Immune mediated hemolytic anemia. May happen in foals, kittens, and sheep that ingest bovine colostrum because the maternal antibodies attack the offspring’s erythrocytes.

21
Q

Why is cross matching important?

A

Reduces/eliminates reactions.

22
Q

What is major cross match?

A

Recipient’s plasma mixed with washed Donor’s packed red blood cells.

23
Q

What is minor cross match?

A

Donor’s plasma mixed with washed Recipients packed red blood cells.

24
Q

What control testing should be performed before cross matching?

A

Donor’s cells mixed with Donor’s plasma and Recipient’s cells mixed with Recipient’s plasma.

25
Q

What is monitored during a blood transfusion and how often?

A

TPR, MM, CRT every 5 minutes.

26
Q

What changes in vital values are considered significant during a transfusion?

A

1.5°F increase in temperature
1.2 times the baseline for heart rate and resp. rate.

27
Q

What are 5 signs of fluid overload?

A

Serous nasal discharge
SQ edema
Increased resp. rate/effort
Chemosis (swelling of eye membranes)
Restlessness

28
Q

Blood should be used within _______ of being rewarmed.

A

4 hours
(if stored again, 24 hour shelf life)

29
Q

Volume of components in a unit (Canine)

A

Whole blood 450-500 mLs
pRBC 150-200 mLs
Plasma 200-300 mLs

30
Q

Volume of components in a unit (Feline)

A

Whole blood 50 mLs
pRBC 15-25 mLs
Plasma 25-35 mLs

31
Q

What are the Immune Transfusion Reactions we want to watch out for?

A

Hemolysis (acute = fatal, delayed = 2d-3wks)
Hypersensitivity I (antibodies against non-RBC comp.)
Fever

32
Q

What are the non Immune Transfusion Reactions we want to watch out for?

A

Hemolysis (mishandling)
Circulatory overload
Disease transmission
Citrate intoxication (improper anticoag. ratio)
Storage related (fever, metabolic)

VET 230 Clinical Pathology (4 decks)

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