Transfusions Flashcards
What are the desired characteristics of a feline blood donor?
1-7 years old
Weighs more than 4.5 kg
Has a PCV > 35%
Good temperament and veins
No meds except for Heartworm and FleaTick preventatives
Negative for FeLV, FIV, Hemoplasma, Bartonella
Must be INDOOR ONLY
What are the desired characteristics of a canine blood donor?
1-7 years old
Weighs more than 30 kg
Has a PCV > 40%
Good temperament and veins
No meds except for Heartworm and FleaTick preventatives
Negative for HW, Babesia, Leishmania, Erlichia, Anaplasma, Neoricketsia, Brucellosis
Blood collection must be no more than ____ of blood volume.
15-20%
What are the benefits of using blood components instead of whole blood?
Matched components to patient needs.
Reduced risk because less antigens given.
Preserves valuable resources.
What is the preferred anticoagulant for Whole Blood?
CPDA Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine
How long is whole blood stored for and at what temperature?
21-35 days at 1-6° C (34-43° F)
What are the components of Fresh Whole Blood? When is it used?
RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma, coagulation factors, anticoagulant.
Used within 6 hours for acute blood loss associated with coagulopathy.
What are the components of Stored Whole Blood?
When is it used?
RBC, WBC, plasma, no functioning platelets, missing clotting factors V, VIII.
Used within 21-35 days, for acute blood loss associated with trauma, surgery.
When should we NOT use Whole Blood? (Contraindications)
Normovolemia, and signs of fluid overload.
When are packed Red Blood Cells used?
Used to increase oxygen carrying capacity in anemic (with clinical signs) normovolemic patient.
What are the components of plasma?
When is it used?
Albumin, other proteins, clotting factors, immunoglobulins.
Used for certain medical conditions (parvo, pancreatitis), and replacement of clotting factors.
Pre-transfusion testing of recipient (4)
CBC
Complete PE
Blood type
Cross match
Which are the most antigenic Canine Blood Types?
DEA 1.1, 1.2, and 7
What Canine Blood Type is considered an universal donor?
DEA 4 positive ONLY (not positive to any other DEAs)
What percentage of dogs in the US are DEA 1.1 and 1.2?
60%
How much does DEA 1.1 and 1.2 reduce life span of transfused RBC?
up to 1/2 within 10 days.
Which is the most common Feline Blood Type in the US?
A, most DSH and DLH (95% of felines)
Feline Blood Type A has strong anti-B antibodies
True or False
False
Feline Blood Type B has strong anti-A antibodies
True or False
True
What is neonatal isoerythrolysis?
Immune mediated hemolytic anemia. May happen in foals, kittens, and sheep that ingest bovine colostrum because the maternal antibodies attack the offspring’s erythrocytes.
Why is cross matching important?
Reduces/eliminates reactions.
What is major cross match?
Recipient’s plasma mixed with washed Donor’s packed red blood cells.
What is minor cross match?
Donor’s plasma mixed with washed Recipients packed red blood cells.
What control testing should be performed before cross matching?
Donor’s cells mixed with Donor’s plasma and Recipient’s cells mixed with Recipient’s plasma.
What is monitored during a blood transfusion and how often?
TPR, MM, CRT every 5 minutes.
What changes in vital values are considered significant during a transfusion?
1.5°F increase in temperature
1.2 times the baseline for heart rate and resp. rate.
What are 5 signs of fluid overload?
Serous nasal discharge
SQ edema
Increased resp. rate/effort
Chemosis (swelling of eye membranes)
Restlessness
Blood should be used within _______ of being rewarmed.
4 hours
(if stored again, 24 hour shelf life)
Volume of components in a unit (Canine)
Whole blood 450-500 mLs
pRBC 150-200 mLs
Plasma 200-300 mLs
Volume of components in a unit (Feline)
Whole blood 50 mLs
pRBC 15-25 mLs
Plasma 25-35 mLs
What are the Immune Transfusion Reactions we want to watch out for?
Hemolysis (acute = fatal, delayed = 2d-3wks)
Hypersensitivity I (antibodies against non-RBC comp.)
Fever
What are the non Immune Transfusion Reactions we want to watch out for?
Hemolysis (mishandling)
Circulatory overload
Disease transmission
Citrate intoxication (improper anticoag. ratio)
Storage related (fever, metabolic)
