TRANSFUSION-TRANSMITTED DISEASE Flashcards
HAV and HEV are transmitted through what MOT
fecal/oral route
HBV, HCV, HDV and HGV are primary transmitted via what MOT
parenterally
-belongs to the picornaviridae family
-also known a DANE PARTICLE
Hep B
it is the first marker to appear and can be detected by polymerase chain reaction
HBV DNA
-member of Flaviviridae virus
-accounted for the HIGHEST RATE OF DEATH DUE TO HEPATITIS
Hep C
-cannot exist without HBV
-it was previously called the delta antigen
Hep D
-major cause of hepatitis globally
-member of caliciviridae family
-leading cause of hepatitis in UK
Hep E
-etiologic agents of AIDS
-a retrovirus
-cd4 count less than 200/ul
HIV type 1 and 2
is that time after infection but before antibody or antigen is detected by currently available testing procedures
window period
the risk of HIV 1 infection through transfusion is
1:1,000,000 per unit transfused
-was the first retrovirus to be associated with a human disease
-causes T-cell proliferation with persisiten infection
Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus type I/II
The risk of HTLV-I/II transmission through transfusion is
1:2,000,000 per unit transfused
the primary amplifying host in a mosquito-bird-mosquito cycle
Bird
an arbovirus
-transmitted by the aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus
-associate with severe neurological complication
Zika virus
the most frequent transmitted virus from mother to fetus
CMV
-a ubiquitous member of the herpes family
-infection in B lymphocyte
-causes IM “ kissing disease”
Epstein-Barr Virus
it causes a common childhood illness called “ fifth disease” and usually transmitted through respiratory secretions
-present with a mild rash described as “slapped cheek”
parvovirus B-19
-a very common virus that causes a lifelong infection
-causes roseola infantum, also known as “exanthem subitum” or “sixth disease”
Human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 8
-can cause severe hemorrhagic fever
-8 week deferral
Ebola virus
most frequent source of septic transfusion reaction because of room temeprsture storage
platelets
the most common bacterial contaminants of blood
staphylococcus epidermidis or staphylococcus aureus
most common isolate found in the RBC unit
Yersinia enterocolitica , followed by pseudomonas
parasites associated with transfusion-associated infection
Babesia microti
trypanosoma cruzi
malaria (plasmodium spp)
leishmania soo
trypanosoma spp
toxoplasma gondii
usually transmitted by the bite of an infected deer tick
-infects the RBC
-
Babesia microti
-etiologic agent of chagas disease
-acquired by the bite of a reduviid bug
Trypanosoma cruzi
in chagas disease, blood smears stained w/ giemsa or wright stain may be examined for the what characteristic
C or U shaped trypomastigote
persons who traveled to an endemic are are deferred for
1 year
person who have had malaria or who have immigrated from or lived in an endemic area are deferred for
3 years
causative agent of CJD
prion
one of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
Creutzfeldt-jakob disease
rare disease characterized by fatal neurodegeneration that results in sponge-like lesions in the brain
(TSEs) transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
in human, what is the most common form of CJD v
sporadic CJD
infectious diseases that req NAT (nucleic acid testing)
-hbv
-hiv 1
-hcv
-west nile virus
-zika virus
-babesia microti
